Comparison of Yield & Agronomical Characteristics of four Local Mung Bean Varieties under Climatic Conditions of Kabul, Afghanistan

Comparative Evaluation of Yield and Agronomic Traits of Four Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Varieties under the Agro-Climatic Conditions of Char Asiab District, Kabul, Afghanistan

Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a staple cereal crops that provides income and support the livelihoods of local farmers of Afghanistan, while also playing a vital role in food security. It is a major source of carbohydrates and proteins for human consumption, while its straw is commonly used as livestock feed in Afghanistan. yet productivity remains below potential due to limited availability of locally adapted improved varieties. This study evaluated the agronomic performance, yield, and yield-related traits of four winter wheat varieties (Sohla 02, Sohla 018, Chont, and local variety Riza Gul) under irrigated conditions in Char Asiab District, Kabul, during the 2024–2025 growing season. Using a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications, the data was analyzed with Statistical Tools for Agricultural Research (STAR 2.0.1) software. significant varietal differences were observed for most traits. Result showed that Sohla 018 produced the highest grain yield (4,866.67 kg ha⁻¹), 1000-grain weight (44.36 g), and grains per spike (51.11). While Sohla 02 showed superior vegetative growth, this did not translate to higher yield. The findings identify Sohla 018 as the most suitable variety for cultivation in Char Asiab District, with potential to improve wheat productivity and contribute to food security in Afghanistan.

Integrated assessment of wheat growth, yield, biomass and economics under Pongamia Pinnata based agroforestry system in subtropical conditions

Evaluation of Agro-Morphological Traits and Yield Performance of the Rice Variety Kudrat 5 under Field Conditions in Uttarakhand, India

Introduction: This study evaluated the performance and adaptability of the farmer-developed rice variety 'Kudrat 5' under the agro-climatic conditions of Uttarakhand, India, by comparing it with three indigenous traditional landraces (Tilakchandan, Hansraj and Dhania) to identify high-yielding alternatives for regional agricultural productivity. Methodology: Farmers' Participatory On-Farm Trials (POFTs) were conducted across six locations in Udham Singh Nagar district during the 2018 and 2019 Kharif seasons under standard agronomic management. Morpho-agronomic traits, yield attributes and grain-quality parameters were recorded, and the data were analysed using a Randomised Block Design (RBD). Results: 'Kudrat 5' outperformed the check varieties across major growth and yield traits. It exhibited a plant height of 134.57 cm, the highest number of nodes per plant (4.53), the maximum leaf width (1.86 cm) and a shorter maturity period (138.33 days). Yield-attributing traits were superior, with longer panicles (28.25 cm), a higher number of primary branches per panicle (16.27) and the maximum number of grains per panicle (258.37). Consequently, 'Kudrat 5' recorded the highest thousand-grain weight (27.17 g) and a higher grain yield (55.83 q/ha) than the check varieties. It also demonstrated desirable grain-quality traits, with the longest paddy length (9.42 mm) and cooked kernel length (10.25 mm), indicating suitability for extra-long slender grain markets. Conclusion: The rice variety 'Kudrat 5' demonstrated early maturity, high yield potential and desirable grain quality. Its performance and adaptability under regional field conditions indicate that it may be a viable alternative for rice growers in Uttarakhand.

PRODUCTIVITY AND ADAPTABILITY OF SPRING BREAD WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.) VARIETIES IN DIFFERENT AGRO-CLIMATIC ZONES OF KOSTANAY REGION

The study presents the results of a comprehensive assessment of productivity and adaptability of six spring bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties under contrasting agro-climatic conditions of Kostanay Region, Northern Kazakhstan. Field experiments were conducted during 2022- 2024 in two agro-climatic zones represented by Bannovka (ACZ-1) and Sadchikovka (ACZ-2) under two agronomic backgrounds: fallow and cereal stubble. The varieties Patricia, Granny, KWS Buran, Odintsovskaya, Inzhu and Aina were evaluated for grain yield and grain quality traits to determine their adaptive responses to environmental conditions. The results demonstrated that grain yield was significantly influenced by agro-climatic conditions, hydrothermal regime and predecessor type. The fallow background provided a yield advantage ranging from 11 to 21 c ha⁻¹ compared with cereal stubble. Significant varietal differences were identified in Agro-Climatic Zone 2 (p = 0.039), indicating differential genotype responses to environmental factors. The varieties Patricia, Granny and KWS Buran exhibited the highest productivity and adaptability under contrasting growing conditions. Grain quality traits were influenced primarily by weather conditions during the growing season rather than by varietal characteristics. The obtained results may be used to optimize varietal composition and develop adaptive cultivation technologies for spring bread wheat under increasing climatic aridization in Northern Kazakhstan.

INFLUENCE OF AGROCHEMICALS ON GRAIN QUALITY OF EMMER WHEAT (TRITICUM DICOCCUM) IN THE FOREST-STEPPE ZONE OF MIDDLE VOLGA REGION

Emmer wheat, as a cereal and food crop, has wide economic significance. Grain quality is determined by numerous factors, including key agronomic practices, variety genetics, regional soil and climatic conditions. This article discusses the use of various doses of mineral fertilizers in conjunction with pre-sowing seed inoculation with biological preparations Azotovit (1 l/t), Rizoagrin (1 l/t) and complex organomineral preparation Biostim Start (1 l/t). The research is consistent with modern resource-saving adaptive technologies with elements of biologization. Experiments were conducted in Sabinskiy municipal district of the Republic of Tatarstan on gray forest soils with a heavy loamy texture from 2020 to 2023. pHKCl was close to neutral – 6.2 (GOST 26483-85), humus content according to Tyurin was 3.4%, mobile phosphorus and mobile potassium contents according to Kirsanov were 127 and 138 mg/kg, respectively. Regardless of the mineral nutrition background, seed inoculation with Azotovit increased protein yield by 9%, with Rizoagrin by 17% and with Biostim Start by 25%. The maximum gross harvest of protein and crude fat on average over 4 years was achieved in variant N71P36K58 (3.0 t/ha of grain) + Biostim Start – 1 l/t. The maximum protein content (17.3%) and crude fat (3.53%) in spelt grain was achieved in variant N59P30K48 (3.0 t/ha of grain) + Biostim Start – 1 l/t. The developed spelt cultivation technology ensures the formation of agrocenoses with a stable productivity of at least 2.85 t/ha of high-quality emmer wheat grain with a protein content of 16.5% and increased nutritional value.

Effects of Different Levels of DAP on Agronomical Characteristics and Yield of Mung bean

Phosphorus deficiency is one of the main factors restricting mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) production in many parts of the world, including Afghanistan. Therefore, a field experiment was carried out in the 2025 growing season at the Research Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Kabul University, to determine the influence of different diammonium phosphate (DAP) fertilizer levels on mung bean growth and yield. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications, consisting of four DAP rates: 0, 30, 60, and 90 kg ha⁻¹. The collected growth and yield data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), and mean comparisons were performed using the Least Significant Difference (LSD) test at a 5% probability level. The application of DAP fertilizer significantly improved plant height, shoot dry matter, number of branches, pods per plant, pod length, seeds per pod, and 100-seed weight. However, leaf number, grain weight per square meter, seed yield, and harvest index did not show significant differences among fertilizer treatments, although higher values were generally observed compared with the control treatment. The maximum seed yield (870.83 kg ha⁻¹) was obtained from the application of 60 kg DAP ha⁻¹, while the highest performance for most growth and yield-related traits was recorded under 90 kg DAP ha⁻¹. The findings suggest that DAP fertilizer application enhances mung bean growth and yield performance under the environmental conditions of Kabul. Among the tested fertilizer levels, 60 kg DAP ha⁻¹ was found to be the most effective rate for achieving higher grain yield.