Jul 2026· Agrobiotechnologies and digital farming· 0 citations· 7 references
Abstract
Emmer wheat, as a cereal and food crop, has wide economic significance. Grain quality is determined by numerous factors, including key agronomic practices, variety genetics, regional soil and climatic conditions. This article discusses the use of various doses of mineral fertilizers in conjunction with pre-sowing seed inoculation with biological preparations Azotovit (1 l/t), Rizoagrin (1 l/t) and complex organomineral preparation Biostim Start (1 l/t). The research is consistent with modern resource-saving adaptive technologies with elements of biologization. Experiments were conducted in Sabinskiy municipal district of the Republic of Tatarstan on gray forest soils with a heavy loamy texture from 2020 to 2023. pHKCl was close to neutral – 6.2 (GOST 26483-85), humus content according to Tyurin was 3.4%, mobile phosphorus and mobile potassium contents according to Kirsanov were 127 and 138 mg/kg, respectively. Regardless of the mineral nutrition background, seed inoculation with Azotovit increased protein yield by 9%, with Rizoagrin by 17% and with Biostim Start by 25%. The maximum gross harvest of protein and crude fat on average over 4 years was achieved in variant N71P36K58 (3.0 t/ha of grain) + Biostim Start – 1 l/t. The maximum protein content (17.3%) and crude fat (3.53%) in spelt grain was achieved in variant N59P30K48 (3.0 t/ha of grain) + Biostim Start – 1 l/t. The developed spelt cultivation technology ensures the formation of agrocenoses with a stable productivity of at least 2.85 t/ha of high-quality emmer wheat grain with a protein content of 16.5% and increased nutritional value.
Smallholder agriculture in developing countries, such as sub-Saharan Africa, represents about 80 to 90% of
agricultural holdings, with an average area ranging from 0.5 to 2 hectares per household, and employs 60-70% of the active
population, thus constituting the main source of employment. The present study aims to determine whether rice-Vigna
radiata intercropping constitutes a sustainable and profitable alternative for family farmers. To this end, a field experiment
was conducted in Tshilenge, specifically in the village of Bena-Ntanda (-6.130199, 23.432759 and 621m), using a Fisher
complete randomized block design. In pure stands, mung beans (yellow and green cultivars) and rice (Nerica 4 variety) were
sown at spacings of 0.20 m x 0.20 m with two seeds (mung bean) and four grains (rice) per hole, respectively. In intercropping,
rice was sown one month before mung beans at spacings of 0.40 m x 0.20 m (4 grains per hole), while for Vigna radiata (yellow
and green) spacings were 0.30 m x 0.20 m (2 seeds per hole). The rice-Vigna radiata cropping system represents a sustainable
and profitable alternative for family farmers in smallholder farming environments. It has promoted increased vegetative
growth in both mung bean and rice. Although a slight reduction in yield (13%) was observed for the two crops, the attack
incidence was significantly lower in intercropping compared to pure stands. Thus, rice-Vigna radiata intercropping
constitutes a simple, affordable (low-cost) agricultural practice that enables income diversification and enhances the
resilience of production systems to climate change.
Mutombo Tshibamba Jean- Michel, K. V. Roger, Tshibamba Mukendi John et al.· International Journal of Inn...· 0 citations
Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a staple cereal crops that provides income and support the livelihoods of local farmers of Afghanistan, while also playing a vital role in food security. It is a major source of carbohydrates and proteins for human consumption, while its straw is commonly used as livestock feed in Afghanistan. yet productivity remains below potential due to limited availability of locally adapted improved varieties. This study evaluated the agronomic performance, yield, and yield-related traits of four winter wheat varieties (Sohla 02, Sohla 018, Chont, and local variety Riza Gul) under irrigated conditions in Char Asiab District, Kabul, during the 2024–2025 growing season. Using a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications, the data was analyzed with Statistical Tools for Agricultural Research (STAR 2.0.1) software. significant varietal differences were observed for most traits. Result showed that Sohla 018 produced the highest grain yield (4,866.67 kg ha⁻¹), 1000-grain weight (44.36 g), and grains per spike (51.11). While Sohla 02 showed superior vegetative growth, this did not translate to higher yield. The findings identify Sohla 018 as the most suitable variety for cultivation in Char Asiab District, with potential to improve wheat productivity and contribute to food security in Afghanistan.
Mohammad Zekrullah Matin, A. Afghani, Amira Saidi· International Journal of Cur...· 0 citations
A field experiment was carried out during the boro seasons of 2022-2023 and 2023-2024 at the Agricultural Experimental Farm of the University of Calcutta, located at Baruipur, West Bengal, India, to study the economics of different integrated nutrient management practices in the Chandra rice variety (MTU-1153). The soil was moderately fertile, with a pH of around 6.0 and a clayey loam texture. The experiment consisted of ten treatments arranged in a randomised block design (RBD) with three replications, viz., 50% of the recommended dose of fertiliser (RDF) N-P2O5-K2O + farmyard manure (FYM) @ 5 t ha-1, 75% RDF N-P2O5-K2O + FYM @ 5 t ha-1, 50% RDF N-P2O5-K2O + FYM @ 7 t ha-1, 75% RDF N-P2O5-K2O + FYM @ 7 t ha-1, 50% RDF N-P2O5-K2O + Vermicompost @ 2 t ha-1, 75% RDF N-P2O5-K2O + Vermicompost @ 2 t ha-1, 50% RDF N-P2O5-K2O + Vermicompost @ 3 t ha-1, 75% RDF N-P2O5-K2O + Vermicompost @ 3 t ha-1, 100% RDF N-P2O5-K2O and Control. The highest grain and straw yields were recorded with the treatment 75% RDF N-P2O5-K2O + Vermicompost @ 3 t ha-1, at (60.40 and 60.97) q ha-1 and (76.20 and 76.70) q ha-1, respectively. The results revealed that the highest gross return was obtained with the application of 75% RDF N-P2O5-K2O + Vermicompost @ 3 t ha-1, at Rs. (146990.00 and 157021.00) ha-1, whereas the highest net profit was recorded with the treatment (100% RDF N-P2O5-K2O), at Rs. (69256.00 and 72234.00) ha-1 during both years and in the pooled analysis. The same treatment, i.e., (100% RDF N-P2O5-K2O), recorded the highest benefit-cost (B:C) ratio (2.02) compared with the other treated plots.
Subham Chakraborty, A. Dolai, S. K. Patra et al.· Journal of Advances in Biolo...· 0 citations
Mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) is an important pulse crop with considerable potential to enhance food and nutritional security, improve soil fertility, and increase farmers’ incomes in Afghanistan. However, its productivity remains constrained by the widespread use of low-yielding varieties and the challenges associated with semi-arid climatic conditions. This study evaluated the Agronomic performance and yield potential of four mung bean varieties under the Agro climatic conditions of Kabul, Afghanistan, where low annual precipitation, high summer temperatures, and climatic variability limit crop production. The experiment was conducted using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) consisting of four treatments: Helmandi (T1), Local (T2), 08 Certified (T3), and 07 Certified (T4), with six replications. Data were analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), and treatment means were compared using an appropriate mean separation test.
The results demonstrated significant differences (P < 0.05) among the evaluated varieties. The 07 Certified variety (T4) produced the highest mean grain yield (1,833.77 kg ha⁻¹), followed by 08 Certified (T3) (1,720.72 kg ha⁻¹), Local (T2) (1,378.87 kg ha⁻¹), and Helmandi (T1) (643.56 kg ha⁻¹). Mean comparison analysis confirmed significant differences among all varieties, with the performance ranking as T4 > T3 > T2 > T1. The superior yield performance of the 07 Certified variety indicates its greater adaptability and productivity under the semi-arid conditions of Kabul. These findings highlight the importance of promoting improved certified mung bean varieties to enhance crop productivity, support climate resilient agricultural systems, and contribute to improved food security and rural livelihoods in Afghanistan. Further multi location and multi-season evaluations are recommended to assess the stability, adaptability, and potential for wider adoption of the 07 certified variety.
Fazalellahi Hamdard, Dalila Saidi, Safiullah Jawhar· International Journal of Cur...· 0 citations
Aim. To quantify and analyse the amount of sorghum plant residues returned to the soil, their accumulation rate, carbon sequestration potential, and decomposition, as well as the intensity of their degradation following the application of a biodestructor. Methods. The field experiment was conducted in 2023–2025 on a typical low-humus chernozem soil at the experimental field of the Institute of Bioenergy Crops and Sugar Beet NAAS (Ksaverivka Druha, Kyiv Region, Ukraine). The experimental design included two treatments: UAN-32 at 30 l/ha (control) and UAN-32 at 30 l/ha + biodestructor E.K.O. Stim Premium at 3 l/ha. After panicle removal, the leaf-and-stem biomass was chopped, treated with the respective products, and incorporated into the 8–15 cm soil layer using disc tillage implements. The extent of residue decomposition was determined using the litterbag method after 6, 8, and 10 months. The mass, dry matter content, and chemical composition of aboveground and root residues were determined using gravimetric, physiological, biochemical, and agrochemical methods. The major groups of phytochemical compounds were assessed by direct biotesting, while carbon sequestration was estimated by calculation. Results. After grain harvesting, leaf-and-stem biomass ranged from 35.2 to 43.6 t/ha, dry matter from 22.7 to 26.7 t/ha, and lignin from 3.9 to 4.5 kg/ha, which resulted in a low rate of residue decomposition. The root mass sampled from the rhizosphere soil to a depth of 60 cm ranged from 2.24 to 3.50 kg. Estimated carbon sequestration by plant residues reached 80.7 kg CO₂-eq/ha at a total biomass yield, including the root system, of 47.1 t/ha and 66.1 kg CO₂-eq/ha at a biomass yield of 28.7 t/ha. The application of the biodestructor effectively accelerated the decomposition of sorghum crop residues in the soil. After 6, 8, and 10 months, the extent of residue decomposition under UAN-32 application was 27.3, 39.5, and 61.0%, respectively, whereas the additional application of E.K.O. Stim Premium increased these values to 45.9, 64.2, and 76.5%, respectively. Various phytochemical compounds were detected during the decomposition of sorghum residues in the soil, irrespective of biodestructor application or decomposition period. Tannins occurred at the highest concentrations: under UAN-32 application, their content was 6.8% after 6 months, 6.3% after 8 months, and 5.9% after 10 months of decomposition. After 6 months, the contents of glycosides and hydroxycinnamic acids were 4.7 and 2.9%, respectively. The application of E.K.O. Stim Premium reduced the content of phytochemical compounds in the organic residues by an average of 0.4–2.5% at the respective sampling times. Conclusions. The factors limiting the widespread use of sorghum harvest residues as an organic fertiliser include their slow decomposition under conditions of low soil biological activity and their potential phytotoxicity. The application of the biodestructor accelerated the decomposition of sorghum harvest residues by an average of 23.2%. The incorporation of sorghum crop residues resulted in carbon sequestration equivalent to 66.1–80.7 kg CO₂-eq/ha. The decomposition of organic sorghum residues was accompanied by the accumulation of various phytochemical compounds in the soil, irrespective of biodestructor application or decomposition period; this should be considered when planning crop rotations.
L. Storozhyk, S. А. Kharus· Advanced Agritechnologies· 0 citations
Abstract Sainfoin (Onobrychis spp.) is a valuable perennial legume forage crop for continental and semi-arid regions, providing high-quality fodder and offering significant agroecological benefits. The aim of this study was to identify high-yielding sainfoin genotypes adapted to the foothill-steppe zone of Eastern Kazakhstan, with dry matter and seed yields exceeding the regional standard by 10-15% while maintaining high forage quality. Field experiments were conducted in 2024-2025 using a four-stage nursery system (collection, breeding, control, and competitive variety trials) on ordinary heavy loamy chernozem soil (pH ≈ 7.0; humus content 3.0-3.4%). The following traits were evaluated: phenological stages, plant density, plant height, leafiness, dry matter yield, seed yield, and crude protein content, in accordance with the methodologies of the State Variety Testing system and the guidelines of the Williams All-Russian Research Institute of Forage Crops. Statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with calculation of the least significant difference (LSD0.05) at p = 0.05. In the competitive variety trial nursery, genotype No. 2122 demonstrated the highest performance, achieving maximum dry matter yield (6.48 t/ha) and seed yield (1.19t/ha), exceeding the standard by 17.8% and 19.0%, respectively. This genotype was also characterized by the highest crude protein content (17.7%) and high leafiness (46.6%). Economic assessment of seed production revealed an additional profit of 114 000 KZT/ha compared with the standard under equal production costs. Overall, genotype No. 2122 can be recommended for further state variety testing and subsequent introduction into agricultural production under the conditions of Eastern Kazakhstan.
S. Seilgazina, K. Toktassynov, M. Zhanibekkyzy et al.· Brazilian Journal of Biology· 0 citations
