Driving employee performance in AI-enabled organizations: The influence of AI-driven HRM practices, workforce adaptability, and human–AI collaboration with the mediating role of organizational agility

Abstract

This study examines the impact of AI-driven HRM practices, workforce adaptability, and human–AI collaboration on employee performance in AI-enabled organizations, with a particular focus on the mediating role of organizational agility. It explores how AI-enabled HR systems, employees' adaptive capabilities, and effective collaboration between humans and AI contribute to enhancing organizational agility and improving employee performance outcomes. Data were collected from 418 employees working in AI-enabled organizations using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) via SmartPLS. The findings reveal that AI-driven HRM practices, workforce adaptability, and human–AI collaboration all have significant positive effects on both organizational agility and employee performance. In addition, organizational agility shows a strong positive effect on employee performance. Moreover, organizational agility was found to significantly mediate the relationships between AI-driven HRM practices, workforce adaptability, and human–AI collaboration with employee performance, confirming its critical role in translating digital HR capabilities into performance outcomes. All hypotheses were statistically supported. This study contributes to the HRM and digital transformation literature by clarifying how AI-enabled HR practices and human capabilities enhance performance through organizational agility. It also provides practical insights for organizations seeking to improve employee performance by integrating AI technologies with agile management practices and adaptive workforce strategies.