A PROSPECTIVE STUDY OF BREAST CARCINOMA DEMOGRAPHY, STAGING, TREATMENT & ITS COMPLICATIONS IN TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

Clinical presentation, management and outcomes of differentiated thyroid cancer: a tertiary center experience

Thyroid cancer is considered the most common endocrine tumor worldwide and its incidence is increasing. We conducted this study to analyses demographic, clinicopathological, imaging data, treatment, outcomes, recurrence rate, overall survival and prognosis of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) cases. This is a retrospective study done in our tertiary hospital including patients diagnosed with DTC from 2015 to 2020. One hundred seventy-six patients’ data were reviewed including full detailed history, thyroid and lymph node assessment, radiology results, preoperative staging, surgical modalities, histopathological diagnosis, postoperative risk stratification, radioactive iodine ablation therapy and outcomes including recurrence, overall survival, disease free survival. Mean age of the studied patients was 42.74 ± 12.19 years old. Most of the studied patients were females representing 84.1% meanwhile males represented 15.9%. There were 147 in stage I (83.5%), 22 in stage II (12.5%), 5 patients in stage III (2.8%) and 2 in stage IV (1.1%). Near half of the studied patients underwent neck dissection. Most of the studied patients received postoperative radioactive iodine (RAI). 9.1% of the treated patients had nodal recurrence. Patients with recurrence were significantly older than non-recurrence patients. Recurrence is significantly more in old and male patients and with positive lymph nodes involvement. Most of the pathological parameters were not significantly related to recurrence with exception of capsular invasion which showed significant correlation with recurrence. 5-year survival was 95.9%. 5 years disease free survival was 85.1%. Patient age, lymph node metastases, capsular invasion, and tumor size were the most important prognostic factors in relation to recurrence rate, while the roles of tumor multifocality and lymphovascular invasion were insignificant.

Clinicopathological Profile of Lung Cancer Patients

Lung cancer patients attending Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital predominantly presented at advanced stages, and adenocarcinoma was the leading histological subtype.

Pattern of Breast Diseases in the Surgical OPD of a Medical College Hospital

Introduction: Breast diseases are quite common conditions encountered in surgical practice, ranging from benign to malignant lesions. Early diagnosis and management are crucial to reduce morbidity and mortality. This study was conducted to determine the pattern and frequency of various breast diseases among female patients attending the surgical outpatient department of a medical college hospital. Methods: It was a retrospective descriptive study conducted at Green Life Medical College hospital, Dhaka from 1st January, 2020 to 31st December, 2022. Female patients presenting with complaints regarding breast were recruited in the study. All of them underwent clinical breast examination followed by necessary radiological and / or histopathological investigations to diagnose the disease and were treated accordingly. Results: A total of 292 patients were included. Fibrocystic disease was the commonest disease (45.89%) followed by fibroadenoma (19.18%), breast abscess (10.62%) and carcinoma (5.82%). Pain in the breast was the commonest presenting symptom (43.1%). Lump in the breast was found in 36.3%, while pain and lump were present in 29.8% of patients. 52% patients received surgical treatment whereas 48% patient were treated conservatively. Excision & biopsy was the commonest surgical procedure (26%) followed by Incision & drainage and wide local excision (9.6%). Conclusion: Breast complaints are quite common in surgical practice. Benign breast diseases are more common than the malignant ones. Fibrocystic disease is the commonest breast problem. Malignancy of breast presents usually in late stages. Green Life Med. Col. J 2026;11(2): 45-49

Management Strategies, Associated Complications, and Prognostic Determinants in Thyroid Carcinoma: An observational analysis

Background: Thyroid carcinoma is the most common endocrine malignancy, exhibiting diverse histopathological patterns and variable prognostic outcomes. Early detection and ‘ risk-adapted management are essential to optimize long-term survival. Aim: To evaluate the management strategies, associated complications, and prognostic determinants in patients with thyroid carcinoma. Methodology: A hospital-based observational analytical study was conducted in the Department of General Surgery, IGIMS, Patna, including 90 histopathologically confirmed cases of ‘ thyroid carcinoma. Data on demographics, tumor characteristics, surgical and adjuvant treatment, complications, recurrence, and survival were analyzed. Results: Most patients were middle-aged (31–50 years, 38.9%) with a slight male predominance (55.6%). Papillary carcinoma was the most common type (66.7%), and 44.4% were diagnosed at Stage I. Total thyroidectomy (61.1%) followed by thyroxine suppression therapy (77.8%) was the principal management approach. Postoperative complications were infrequent, with hypocalcemia being the most common (16.7%). Tumor size >2 cm, lymph node involvement, and aggressive histopathological variants were identified as major prognostic determinants. The overall recurrence rate was 10%, while 1-year and 3-year survival rates were 85% and 75%, respectively. Conclusion: Early-stage tumors, smaller size, absence of’ nodal involvement, and non-aggressive histology are associated with favorable outcomes. A risk-stratified treatment approach—primarily total thyroidectomy with selective lymph node dissection and appropriate adjuvant ‘ therapy—remains essential for optimizing long-term disease control.

ORIGINAL ARTICLE Pattern of Breast Diseases in the Surgical OPD of a Medical College Hospital

Clinical Factors and PET/CT-Detected Metastatic Status in Breast Cancer Patients: A Retrospective Study

Introduction: Breast cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in women. Patient prognosis is strongly influenced by the biological characteristics of the primary tumor, particularly its ability to metastasize. This study aims to describe clinical factors associated with metastasis in breast cancer patients based on PET/CT findings.   Methods: This study used a retrospective analytic design with secondary data from the medical records of 37 breast cancer patients who underwent PET/CT examination. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square test in SPSS to assess the association between clinical factors and metastasis, with a significance level of p < 0.05.   Results: The results showed higher metastasis rates in patients who did not undergo surgery (72.2%, p=0.001) and those without prior therapy (45.8%, p=0.032). Metastasis was also more common in postmenopausal patients (55.6%, p=0.141) and within less than one year from diagnosis to PET/CT examination (60%, p=0.278).   Conclusion: Metastasis in breast cancer patients in this study was more frequently found in postmenopausal patients, those without a history of surgery, those without prior therapy, and within an interval of less than one year from diagnosis to PET/CT examination.