Jul 2026· THE JOURNAL OF Mother and Child Health Concerns· Vol 5, pp. 426-431· 0 citations· 15 references
TL;DR
There is a relationship between age and education level, which influence late diagnosis in women with breast cancer, with elderly women having a five-fold greater risk of experiencing delays compared to late adulthood.
Abstract
Background: Cancer is a malignant disease caused by uncontrolled abnormal cell growth and is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Breast cancer is a malignancy of breast tissue originating from the ductal or lobular epithelium and is the cancer with the highest incidence in women globally.
Purpose: To determine factors of age and educational level influencing delayed diagnosis in female breast cancer patients
Method: This study used an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional approach. A total of 52 respondents were included in the study, which influenced delayed diagnosis in women with breast cancer at Abdul Moeloek Hospital in 2025.
Results: The results showed that the majority of respondents experienced delayed breast cancer diagnosis (27 respondents (51.9%), while 25 respondents (48.1%) did not experience delays, thus making delayed diagnosis still considered high. Bivariate analysis using Fisher's Exact Test showed that age significantly influenced delayed diagnosis (p = 0.011; OR = 5), with elderly women having a five-fold greater risk of experiencing delays compared to late adulthood. Furthermore, education level also significantly influenced the risk (p = 0.004).
Conclusion: There is a relationship between age and education level, which influence late diagnosis in women with breast cancer.
INTRODUCTION
Breast cancer is the most dreaded malignancy affecting women worldwide. The menace is even worse in developing countries due to poor access to early detection and appropriate treatment. Late presentation to healthcare facilities accounts for over 70% of the patients diagnosed with advanced breast cancer in Nigeria. The lack of awareness, ignoble attitude, and negative perceptions are all responsible for patients not coming to the hospital at the onset of the disease, thus making mastectomy an essential modality of treatment.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The survey interrogated the level of awareness, attitude, and perception about mastectomy among patients diagnosed with breast cancer at the Breast and Endocrine Surgery Clinics of University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria.
RESULTS
One hundred and seventy seven (88.9%) of the participants were aware of breast cancer, and the source of their information was predominantly from health personnel. Twenty two (11.1%) of the participants are unaware of breast cancer, representing a population in dare need of health education. 145 (72.9%) of the participants had a positive perception toward mastectomy. Fifty four (27.1%) of them had a negative perception towards mastectomy for the following reasons: loss of femininity 16 (8.0%), loss of body image 15 (7.5%), stigmatization 10 (5.0%), sexuality 7 (3.5%), and loss of beauty 4 (2.0%). Health insurance coverage of the cost of mastectomy and availability of breast prosthesis and reconstruction will enable 149 (74.9%), and 120 (60.3%), respectively, of the patients to embrace mastectomy. 103 (51.8%) of the participants agreed that proper preoperative counseling may enhance their acceptance of mastectomy.
CONCLUSION
Efforts must be geared towards educating the public and, in particular, patients with breast cancer that early mastectomy for advanced or metastatic disease has survival benefits. Incorporating spouses, family members, and caregivers in breast cancer education will improve the perception of mastectomy.
S. Sani, Rebecca Hauwa Sani, Tunde M Ojo et al.· Annals of African medicine· 0 citations
Aim: The study aimed to examine of worry level in breast cancer and the factors that might be related to university students. Method: This cross-sectional descriptive research was conducted on 347 female university students. The data was collected using the Descriptive Characteristic Form and Breast Cancer Worry Scale and evaluated with descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression analysis. Results: The mean age of participants is 20.65±2.18 (min-max =18-37), and the mean score of the breast cancer worry scale is 8.24±4.7 (min-max=0-20). 69,5% of students are studying health-related departments, 51% are using the web for medical research, and 13,3% have breast cancer history in their families. It was found that 62% of students had made self-breast examinations at least one time in their life, 12,1% had breast problems, and 26,5% had breast cancer worry. Factors contributing to worry about breast cancer include age (OR = 0.84, p = 0.040), class (OR = 3.85, p = 0.049), social security status (OR = 4.13, p = 0.042), knowing the breast cancer risk factors (OR = 2.24, p = 0.036) and have had a clinical breast examination before (OR = 3.05, p = 0.014). It was determined that those who know breast cancer risk factors are 2.24 times more worried, and those who have had clinical breast examinations are 3.05 times more worried about breast cancer. Conclusion: Examining the research findings reveals the level of breast cancer worry is low among university students. Also, it was found that breast cancer worry is affected by situations like age, social security, knowing the breast cancer risk factors, and having had a clinical breast examination before.
BACKGROUND
Delayed diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is associated with advanced-stage disease, more extensive treatment, and poorer survival. This study evaluated factors associated with diagnostic delay among patients with OSCC.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 100 patients with histopathologically confirmed OSCC attending a tertiary cancer centre. Demographic, behavioral, medical, clinical, and healthcare-related data were obtained through structured interviews and review of medical records. Total diagnostic delay was defined as the interval between symptom onset and histopathological diagnosis. Associations with diagnostic delay were analyzed using non-parametric tests, and independent predictors were identified using multivariable linear regression.
RESULTS
The median total diagnostic delay was 176.5 days (interquartile range: 107.0-279.5 days), with a mean delay of 190.2 ± 113.6 days. Educational status, diabetic status and primary lesion site stage were significantly associated with diagnostic delay (p < 0.05). Multivariable regression identified educational status as an independent factor associated with total diagnostic delay. Appointment delays, fear of diagnosis, financial constraints, lack of awareness, and symptom neglect were the most frequently reported reasons for delayed diagnosis.
CONCLUSIONS
Diagnostic delay in OSCC remains substantial and is influenced primarily by educational, clinical, and healthcare-related factors. Improving oral health literacy, public awareness, and referral pathways may facilitate earlier diagnosis and improve patient outcomes.
J. Philip, H. Abraham· Cancer Treatment and Researc...· 0 citations
Introduction: Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) is known to have high recurrence, poor prognosis and has limited treatment options. This study was designed to evaluate the risk factors associated with patients with breast cancer.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of General Surgery, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) from January 2023 to December 2023 where 116 patients were analyzed which included 58 diagnosed cases of TNBC and 58 non-TNBC cases. Both non-modifiable and modifiable risk factors were recorded.
Result: Non-modifiable risk factors, such as family history of breast cancer (22.41% vs. 0%) were significantly associated with TNBC patients while there was no history of family history of breast cancer among non-TNBC respondents. Among TNBC respondents who had the family history of breast cancer underwent gene amplification test and results showed that 84.6% had BRCA1/BRCA2 gene mutation. Other non-modifiable risk factors such as early menarche and early menopause were not significantly associated with TNBC. Modifiable risk factor, such as moderate intensity physical activity had shown significant risk for TNBC (96.6% and 82.8%). However, only 6.9% TNBC respondents had obesity while 17.2% were obese in non TNBC respondents and 62.1% had history of OCP in TNBC while 48.3% respondents had history of OCP in non TNBC patients. No respondents had history of smoking and alcohol.
Conclusion: Family history of breast cancer, gene mutation and moderate physical activity are found significant as risk factors for TNBC.
Journal of Surgical Sciences 2025;29(1): 24-29
Azmira Khatun, Saifuddin Ahmed, Ibrahim Siddique et al.· Journal of surgical sciences· 0 citations
Objective. To investigate the impact of surgical trauma and endogenous factors on the risk of breast cancer development in patients who had previously undergone surgery for non-oncological breast diseases.Materials and Methods. The patients included in the study were divided into two groups: the study group—93 (18.3%) patients with a history of non-oncological breast diseases for which surgical treatment was performed, and the control group—415 (81.7%) patients with a history of breast cancer but no history of surgical trauma to the breast. The diagnosis and treatment of patients complied with national standards of medical care. Predictors that showed statistical significance in univariate analysis were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression. A p-value of ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results. A history of breast trauma in 3–8% of patients is a predictor of cancer development. Trauma to the areola or nipple area increases the risk of cancer by 22.5%. Endogenous predictors of breast cancer developing after surgical trauma include: age 60–70 years, height 170 cm or taller, obesity, menarche at age 15 or older, endocrine disorders, and chronic stress.Conclusions. Surgical trauma is not an independent etiological factor in the development of breast cancer; however, its combination with endogenous factors promotes carcinogenesis.
V. Dronenko, O. Kostiuk, S. A. Lysenko et al.· The Ukrainian Journal of Cli...· 0 citations
The findings highlight the importance of early detection, timely surgical intervention, and multimodal adjuvant therapy in improving outcomes among breast carcinoma patients.
Dr. Siddharth Shukla, Dr. Yogeshwar P Shukla, Dr. Krishnanand et al.· Asian Journal of Medical Res...· 0 citations
