Basal cell carcinoma of the skin: A four-year experience of the University Clinical Center of Vojvodina

Abstract

Introduction. Basal cell carcinoma is the most common nonmelanoma skin cancer. It predominantly occurs in sun-exposed areas, in individuals older than 50 years, and more frequently in men. The most important risk factors are skin phototype and ultraviolet radiation exposure. Most lesions are located on the face, scalp, and neck. Surgical treatment remains the most effective approach as it enables complete tumour excision with clear margins and subsequent histopathological analysis. The study aimed to analyse the incidence, type, and distribution of basal cell carcinoma of the skin, as well as the association between risk factors, age, and sex, in patients treated at the Clinic for Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University Clinical Center of Vojvodina, between 2020 and 2023. Material and Methods. A retrospective study was conducted using data obtained from hospital medical records and the institutional information system. Results. A total of 802 patients were included; the mean age was 73.3 years. Lesions were most frequently located on the face (25.3%). The most common histopathological subtype was the mixed type, comprising nodular and infiltrative components (47.1%). The largest proportion of patients sought medical attention between one month and one year after first noticing the lesion (32.9%). A previous history of the disease was more common in men than in women. Conclusion. Basal cell carcinoma is often under-represented in cancer registries because of its relatively low mortality. Monitoring epidemiological trends is essential for prevention, early detection, and effective disease control.