Review

Castration-resistant prostate cancer as an adaptive tumor ecosystem: coupling tumor evolution with microenvironmental reprogramming

Si-Liang Wang Xin-Yi Xu Ming-Huang Xu Yuang Wei Yun-Xiao Qiao Xiao-Wen Song Chuang Xie Chun-Mei Zhou Fu-Wen Yuan

Sep 2026 · Cancer Metastasis Review · Vol 45 · 0 citations · 209 references

Medicine

TL;DR

A system-level framework is proposed in which CRPC is viewed as an adaptive tumor ecosystem shaped by evolutionary selection, cellular plasticity, and microenvironmental co-evolution under therapeutic pressure and therapeutic strategies aimed at reprogramming or destabilizing adaptive tumor ecosystems are highlighted.

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