Molecular insights of host–pathogen interactions offer decoding of sustainable strategies for developing resilient cultivars and effective management of false smut disease, highlighting stage-specific pathogenicity genes and rice defense mechanisms that control false smut disease development.
The combined transcriptome and metabolome analysis revealed that plant hormone signal transduction, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and flavonoid biosynthesis were significantly enriched in resistant rice varieties, providing valuable information on the molecular mechanisms by which rice defends against U. virens infection.
Rongtao Fu, Huan Li, Xi Luo et al.· BMC Plant Biology· 0 citations
Lipids play a crucial role in the initiation and establishment of plant defense responses, however, the mechanisms underlying the links between lipid dynamics and downstream transcriptional events against pathogens remain largely unclear. Here, we conducted a lipidomic analysis to investigate the lipid profile of Arabidopsis seedlings in response to Verticillium dahliae. Our results revealed that V. dahliae infection triggered profound lipid metabolism and transcriptional reprogramming in Arabidopsis. Comprehensive profiling showed extensive remodeling of lipid-associated metabolic pathways, characterized by the significant accumulation of lysophospholipids (LysoPLs) in infected seedlings. This lipid perturbation was mechanistically linked to the transcriptional activation of phospholipase A (PLA) coding genes such as PLA2A, PLA-Iβ2 and PLP5. Genetic evidence has demonstrated that these PLAs are required for disease resistance because their loss-of-function mutants exhibit incresed susceptibility to V. dahliae and compromise the expression of defense-related genes. Furthermore, the PLAs acted as the central regulatory nodes in modulating multiple defense-related signal axes, including SA, JA and ROS, as well as differentially regulating the expression of defense-related genes in response to LysoPLs signal. Together, these findings uncovered an integrated lipid-based and transcription regulatory network, wherein PLA-mediated LysoPLs dynamics served as a critical determinant of plant immunity against V. dahliae.
Fengning Wang, Minying Xie, Xueping Xu et al.· Journal of Experimental Bota...· 0 citations
The brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stål, BPH) is a major insect pest threatening global rice production. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the adaptation of BPH populations with different virulence levels to resistant rice cultivars remain poorly understood. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), as key post-transcriptional regulators, play critical roles in host adaptation in herbivorous insects. In this study, we analyzed the miRNA expression profiles of a high-virulent population (IR56p) and a low-virulence population (TN1p) after feeding on susceptible (TN1) and resistant (IR56) rice cultivars. Our findings reveal distinct miRNA-mediated regulatory strategies employed by the two populations. The IR56p population showed downregulation of miRNAs including miR-10, miR-124, and miR-316, showing an inverse correlation with increased expression of predicted target genes involved in detoxification (carboxylesterase, UDP-glycosyltransferase) and effector function (calmodulin). In contrast, several miRNAs highly expressed in IR56p, including miR-307, miR-317, and miR-275, were predicted to target rice genes associated with hormone signaling, cell wall biosynthesis, and oxidative homeostasis, suggesting a possible but unproven inter-species regulatory role that requires functional validation. Collectively, these descriptive and correlative findings provide hypothesis generating insights into insect-plant coevolution and identifies candidate molecular targets for future functional validation and RNA interference-based pest management strategies.
Yubiao Cai, Xinfeng Wang, Yaxuan Wang et al.· Comparative Biochemistry and...· 0 citations
This review examines the defence strategies of rice and provides key insights into host-pathogen interactions that inform the development of durable resistance and improved disease management strategies, including integrating molecular breeding with sustainable agricultural practices to mitigate yield losses caused by BLB.
M. Syed, N. Rajinimala, M. Theradimani et al.· Plant Science Today· 0 citations
It is concluded that future breeding programs will integrate advanced genetic and computational tools to develop rice varieties with durable and broad-spectrum resistance to bacterial leaf streak and other pathogens.
M. Win, Wanchana Aesomnuk, Thanyakorn Rongsawat et al.· Rice· 0 citations
Background Root-knot nematodes (RKNs) pose a severe threat to Trichosanthes kirilowii production, but the molecular mechanisms of its response to RKN infection remain unclear. Methods An integrated multi-omics strategy that combined physiological trait analysis, hormone profiling, transcriptome sequencing, and untargeted metabolome analysis was used to systematically clarify the response mechanisms of T. kirilowii to Meloidogyne incognita infection. Results Comprehensive phenotypic observations combined with antioxidant enzyme activity measurements and hormone profiling identified 6 days post-inoculation (dpi) as a critical response timepoint, characterized by initial gall formation, minimum superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, peak catalase (CAT) activity, and maximal content of auxin (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA), and salicylic acid (SA). Notably, cytokinin-type hormones were significantly upregulated after RKN infection, with zeatin increasing by 202% at 12 dpi and zeatin riboside reaching 38.5-fold that of the control at 24 dpi. Transcriptomic analysis identified 1,705 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), predominantly enriched in plant hormone signal transduction, zeatin biosynthesis, and plant-pathogen interaction pathways. Untargeted metabolomic analysis identified 658 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs), primarily involving carboxylic acid derivatives, amino acids, phospholipids, and isopentenyl alcohol esters; combined analysis further revealed that zeatin biosynthesis was the only significantly enriched common pathway; within this pathway, changes in 8 key genes and 5 core metabolites acted synergistically and were significantly correlated with gall number, soluble sugar content, and multiple hormones. Conclusions The results indicate that T. kirilowii responds to RKN infection through an integrated mechanism involving physiological regulation, hormonal coordination, metabolic reprogramming, and molecular defense, with the zeatin biosynthesis pathway serving as a central hub. These findings provide a basis for molecular breeding and develop green control strategies against RKNs in T. kirilowii cultivation.
Lei Zheng, Hua-Dong Wang, Zhiqiang Zhang et al.· Frontiers in Plant Science· 0 citations
