INTERNATIONAL REGULATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ITS IMPACTS ON DIGITAL SOVEREIGNTY AND GLOBAL GOVERNANCE

Abstract

The international expansion of artificial intelligence has broadened its presence in economic, administrative, legal, communicational, and social activities, making it necessary to create regulatory mechanisms capable of addressing its cross-border effects. AI systems may be developed in one country, process data stored in different jurisdictions, and produce consequences in distinct territories, while their regulation remains distributed among national, regional, and international rules. In this context, the article investigates how the international regulation of artificial intelligence affects the digital sovereignty of states and the organization of global governance. Its objective is to analyze the impacts of this regulatory process on state autonomy and on the formation of international oversight mechanisms. A bibliographic and documentary study was conducted using a qualitative, exploratory, and descriptive approach, based on the comparative analysis of academic studies, regulations, recommendations, and institutional documents. The results demonstrate that regulatory fragmentation influences data control, technological infrastructure, cybersecurity, normative autonomy, and the protection of rights. They also reveal asymmetries among countries that produce, regulate, and consume technologies, particularly given the concentration of computing capacity and corporate power. The study concludes that international cooperation is essential to address transnational risks, but it must ensure balanced participation, respect for national particularities, and the reduction of technological dependence.