TL;DR
It is suggested that elevated 7-ketocholesterol is associated with β-cell dysfunction in T2D patients and appears to impair insulin secretion by inducing oxidative stress in pancreatic β-cells, positioning 7-ketocholesterol as a potential contributor to diabetes progression.
Insulin resistance is an early feature of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but progression to persistent hyperglycemia requires failure of pancreatic β-cell compensation. Lipotoxicity develops when adipose storage and oxidative capacity are exceeded, increasing fatty-acid flux and accumulation of ceramides, diacylglyce...
N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) is a widely used antioxidant with increasing public interest in its use for treating metabolic disease, yet its effects on pancreatic beta cells remain incompletely understood. Most studies focus on NAC's benefits under pathological conditions-such as obesity, high-fat diet exposure, and type...
Two of the main intracellular signaling molecules in pancreatic β-cells are calcium (Ca2+) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Ca2+ signaling is essential for regulating energy metabolism, insulin secretion, and the modulation of key factors involved in β-cell survival and function. In parallel, redox signaling also aff...
Objective(s): This study investigated the protective effect of zinc supplementation on insulin release via modulation of the High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1)/Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2)/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced pancreatic β-cell injury, a commonly used m...
PDX-1 and MafA are insulin gene transcription factors and maintain mature pancreatic β-cell function. After chronic exposure to hyperglycemia, however, the expression levels of PDX-1 and MafA are substantially suppressed by provoked oxidative stress and the activation of the JNK/c-Jun pathway, which further aggravates...
This study illustrated that nomilin alleviated insulin resistance via activation of PI3K/Akt/GLUT4 signaling pathways, alleviating ROS accumulation and damage, and AGEs production, and improving the mitochondrial function.
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