Aug 2026· Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Sciences· 0 citations· 10 references
Medicine
TL;DR
It is suggested that primary spoken language may be associated with ANT1 performance in MHE assessments and Integrating ANT1 with serum IL-6 showed numerically improved discrimination in Mandarin speakers, whereas exploratory demographic calibration of S-ANT1 showed a numerically higher AUROC in Taiwanese Hokkien speakers.
Abstract
ABSTRACT Minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) involves subtle cognitive dysfunction and systemic inflammation and is associated with an increased risk of overt hepatic encephalopathy. The Animal Naming Test (ANT1) is a rapid semantic fluency tool for MHE assessment, but its performance across different primary spoken languages remains unclear. We conducted a prospective proof‐of‐concept study to evaluate the diagnostic performance of ANT1 and serum interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) in Mandarin‐ and Taiwanese Hokkien‐speaking cirrhotic patients. A total of 65 cirrhotic patients and 34 healthy controls were enrolled. Patients completed ANT1, simplified ANT1 (S‐ANT1), and standard psychometric assessments. MHE was defined by abnormal PHES and/or visually assessed EEG slowing. Diagnostic discrimination was evaluated using AUROC analyses stratified by primary spoken language. A post hoc exploratory Taiwanese‐calibrated S‐ANT1 was also assessed in Taiwanese Hokkien‐speaking patients. Sixteen cirrhotic patients (24.6%) were diagnosed with MHE. Patients with MHE had lower ANT1 scores and higher serum IL‐6 levels than those without MHE. In Mandarin‐speaking patients (n = 44), ANT1 demonstrated an AUROC of 0.760, while serum IL‐6 showed an AUROC of 0.841. The composite model combining ANT1 and serum IL‐6 showed a numerically higher AUROC of 0.895, but this improvement was not statistically significant in pairwise DeLong comparisons. In Taiwanese Hokkien‐speaking patients (n = 21), standard ANT1 showed a lower AUROC of 0.679. The exploratory Taiwanese‐calibrated S‐ANT1 showed a numerically higher AUROC of 0.776; however, this post hoc finding was based on a small subgroup with 7 MHE events and requires external validation. This study suggests that primary spoken language may be associated with ANT1 performance in MHE assessments. Integrating ANT1 with serum IL‐6 showed numerically improved discrimination in Mandarin speakers, whereas exploratory demographic calibration of S‐ANT1 showed a numerically higher AUROC in Taiwanese Hokkien speakers. These findings are exploratory and hypothesis‐generating, necessitating validation in larger independent cohorts before clinical implementation.
Post‐Omicron cognitive decline is largely reversible, with significant recovery observed in key domains including attention/calculation, executive function, delayed recall, registration, and learning, and the necessity of targeted long‐term monitoring and early intervention for high‐risk populations is highlighted.
Min Qiu, Mengwen Wang, Sheng-Cai Chen et al.· Neuroprotection· 0 citations
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a prodromal stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD), remains undiagnosed in > 90% of individuals, delaying access to timely evaluation and interventions. Self‐administered digital cognitive assessments (SA‐DCAs) offer scalable approaches for early detection, yet their real‐world validation and clinical readiness remain uncertain. We developed a use‐case–specific framework to evaluate SA‐DCAs intended for community and primary‐care MCI screening and applied it to a comprehensive scoping review of published evidence (2012‐2025). Among 79 identified SA‐DCAs, only four tools met predefined framework criteria across nine eligible studies. Common limitations included restricted population representativeness, inconsistent diagnostic performance reporting, limited biomarker anchoring, and reliance on prefiltered cohorts. Overall, the current evidence base is methodologically heterogeneous and incomplete for clinical deployment. The proposed framework characterizes requirements including anchoring strength, prevalence‐adjusted performance reporting, and representative sampling establishing a foundation for advancing robust real‐world evidence needed to translate SA‐DCAs from research to clinical practice.
H. Hampel, Yosuke Nakamura, J. Bell et al.· Alzheimer's & Dementia· 0 citations
ABSTRACT Background Very late‐onset schizophrenia‐like psychosis (VLOSLP) is clinically heterogeneous, and its relationship with dementia‐related neurodegenerative disease remains unresolved. We examined whether Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Lewy body disease (LBD) biomarker status were associated with dementia progression in VLOSLP. Methods We retrospectively identified patients who visited the University of Osaka Hospital between January 2018 and December 2023 and met criteria for VLOSLP. Twenty‐two participants with AD and/or LBD biomarker data and at least one follow‐up assessment within 775 days were classified as biomarker‐negative (BMs‐neg; n = 7) or biomarker‐positive (BMs‐pos; n = 15). Group comparisons were performed using Mann–Whitney U tests and Fisher's exact tests. Results The BMs‐pos group showed older onset age and lower memory scores than the BMs‐neg group. Dementia progression was more frequent in the BMs‐pos group than in the BMs‐neg group, although the difference was not statistically significant (8/15 [53.3%] vs. 1/7 [14.3%]; p = 0.165; odds ratio 6.31; 95% CI 0.55–353.18). Five of eight participants with AD biomarker positivity progressed to AD dementia. Three of seven participants with LBD biomarker positivity progressed to dementia, including two diagnosed with dementia with Lewy bodies. Follow‐up MMSE, CDR, and CDR‐SB scores differed significantly between groups. Conclusions AD and/or LBD biomarker‐positive VLOSLP may be associated with greater dementia progression and cognitive decline, although findings should be interpreted cautiously given the small sample size and retrospective design. These results support the clinical value of considering neurodegenerative biomarkers when evaluating the prognosis and underlying pathology of VLOSLP.
Y. Satake, H. Kanemoto, Daiki Taomoto et al.· Psychogeriatrics· 0 citations
The Indonesian Neurocognitive Semantic Association Test for Neurodegenerative Impairment is a promising tool for assessing semantic associations in Indonesian-speaking populations, with potential clinical utility in diagnosing and monitoring PPA and related neurodegenerative disorders.
F. Fitri, Dina Nazriani, Alfansuri Kadri· Applied neuropsychology. Adu...· 0 citations
Abstract Background Parkinson's disease (PD) is clinically heterogeneous, with variable progression rates that complicate clinical trial design. The data‐driven diffuse malignant (DM), intermediate (IM), and mild‐motor predominant (MMP) subtyping model has prognostic value but lacks disease duration–specific thresholds for prospective use in disease‐modifying trials. Objective To define year‐specific percentile thresholds for key motor and non‐motor measures within the first 5 years after diagnosis to enable real‐time PD subtyping and assess progression patterns across subtypes. Methods We analyzed de‐identified PPMI data (downloaded April 22, 2026) from 1030 individuals with idiopathic PD. For each disease year, we computed percentiles for a composite motor score (MDS‐UPDRS II + III + PIGD) and non‐motor measures (MoCA, RBDSQ, SCOPA‐AUT). Thresholds were set at the 75th percentile for motor, RBDSQ, and SCOPA‐AUT, and the 25th percentile for MoCA, and applied annually to classify DM‐, IM‐, and MMP‐PD. Subtype stability (years 1–5) and progression were assessed using 25 predefined PPMI milestones. Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression models evaluated time to first milestone. Results Percentile thresholds worsened progressively over time, paralleling cohort‐level decline. DM‐PD prevalence ranged from 19.2–20.5% (IM 41.8–44.4%; MMP 35.1–38.8%). At baseline, clinical measures differed significantly across subtypes. Compared to MMP‐PD, DM‐PD (HR 3.03; 95% CI: 2.30–3.97) and IM‐PD (HR 1.48; 95% CI: 1.19–1.84) showed faster progression. Conclusions We establish disease duration–specific percentiles for prospective application of the DM/IM/MMP subtyping model, supporting patient stratification and enrichment in disease‐modifying trials.
Ahmed Negida, Nitai D. Mukhopadhyay, Brian D Berman et al.· Movement Disorders Clinical...· 0 citations
