From Text Decisions to Pixels: An Study of Jev-Style Visual Choice Model

Abstract

Visual software often needs a decision over supplied alternatives rather than a generated explanation. We present PixelJev, a native-image decision interface that maps an image, a task instruction, and a runtime candidate set to a structured choice and candidate-conditioned probabilities using small open multimodal models. Its initial realization unifies recognition and multiplechoice visual question answering through an existing language-model readout, with separately evaluated options for frozen inference, language-side adaptation, and held-out calibration. Across seven benchmark evaluations, 64-shot source adaptation raises Pets accuracy from 60.13% to 92.40% across optimization seeds and transfers to natural resampling, new texture labels, and A-OKVQA without target fitting, while frozen inference already supports both VQA tasks. A matched prompt-only follow-up on Pets and ScienceQA attributes the large Pets gain to adaptation and identifies a narrower output validity benefit of candidate readout in adapted VQA. Specialist DINOv2 probes remain stronger on source recognition, frozen 4B is stronger than adapted 2B on DTD and ScienceQA, and accuracy gains do not ensure calibrated target probabilities. These findings establish a working starting point for general-purpose visual decision models and identify the remaining requirements: schema robustness, cross-family transfer, and reliable use of visual evidence.