Code-Switching Among Hausa-Arabic Women Bilinguals In Northern Nigeria

Abstract

This paper studies code-switching (CS) among Hausa–Arabic bilingual women in Northern Nigeria and explains how they use language mixing as a strategy to manage their social, religious, and gender identities. The study is based on two main theories: the Markedness Model, which explains how speakers choose languages to show status or relationships, and Communication Accommodation Theory (CAT), which explains how people adjust their speech to fit different social situations. The research uses a qualitative sociolinguistic method. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and ethnographic observation of natural conversations among women in cities such as; Kano and Zaria. This method helps to understand why the women switch languages and how cultural values like Kunya (modesty) and Mutunci (dignity) influence their speech. The findings show that code-switching is used intentionally, not randomly. Hausa women switch between Hausa and Arabic to show religious knowledge, gain respect, maintain professional status, and discuss sensitive issues politely. The study also finds that women play an important role in language development and change in their communities. Using both older and recent studies. Thepaper concludes that code-switching among Hausa women is not a sign of language loss. It is a thoughtful and meaningful expression of a blended identity.