Molecular basis of quinoa’s resilience to abiotic stresses: implications for climate-adaptive crop breeding

The Biological Basis of Abiotic Stress Resilience in Perennial Woody Plants: Insights from the Olive Tree (Olea europaea L.)

Systems-Level Integration of Stress Signaling, Multi-Omics, and Predictive Breeding for Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Brassica Crops

By connecting stress biology with translational breeding, this review provides a framework for developing climate-resilient Brassica cultivars by synthesizing recent progress in abiotic stress tolerance from physiological, genetic, epigenetic, and multi-omics perspectives.

Hormone priming and metabolic engineering of phytohormone crosstalk in rice under combined biotic and abiotic stresses: a multi-omics perspective for climate-resilient crop development

This synthesis provides a framework for translating mechanistic hormonal insights into field-applicable cultivars to ensure global food security and proposes a systems-level roadmap for developing climate-resilient rice cultivars capable of maintaining yield stability across a volatile combinatorial stress landscape.

Trichoderma-Enabled Crop Resilience Under Abiotic Stress: From Field Delivery to Systems-Level Stress Reprogramming

The synthesis shows that selected crop–strain systems improve root architecture, photosynthesis, antioxidant regulation, osmotic adjustment, nutrient acquisition, ion homeostasis, hormonal balance, and stress-responsive gene expression, and biochar co-application should not be interpreted as a carrier formulation without direct validation.

Leveraging transcriptional, genomic, and epigenetic regulatory layers to enhance abiotic stress resilience in grapevine

Grapevine (Vitis vinifera), an industry valued at approximately 108.61 billion US dollars globally, faces escalating threats from abiotic stresses that intensify under climate change and increasingly compromise berry quality, phenology, and yield. Despite decades of molecular characterization, translating stress biology knowledge into climate-resilient cultivars remains limited. We argue this gap reflects not a lack of knowledge within individual biological layers, but a fundamental failure to integrate across them. Grapevine stress tolerance operates through three interconnected regulatory layers. Transcription factor networks, WRKY, NAC, MYB, DREB, and bZIP families, constitute the most rapid layer, converging on shared ABA-mediated signaling hubs despite apparent stress-type specificity. Quantitative trait loci and genome-wide association studies capture the genomic architecture underlying these responses, yet remain critically under characterized for drought, salinity, and heavy metal tolerance. Epigenetic regulation through DNA methylation, histone modifications, and stress memory mechanisms constitutes a temporally durable third layer, uniquely important for perennial crops where adaptive chromatin states persist across growing seasons. Critically, these layers are not independent: transcription factor activity shapes the chromatin landscape, epigenetic marks modulate QTL expression, and genomic loci encode the regulatory machinery executing stress responses. Current breeding tools, marker-assisted selection, CRISPR/Cas9, and epigenomic selection, map onto these three layers but are overwhelmingly applied in isolation, limiting their collective impact. This review synthesizes knowledge gaps across all three layers within a unified hierarchical framework, arguing that deliberate cross-layer integration through multi-omics and precision breeding could enable cultivars capable of sustaining productivity under a rapidly changing climate.

Harnessing halophyte phytochemicals and biostimulants to enhance crop resilience under climate stress: a comprehensive review.

Global food security is increasingly compromised by the synergistic pressures of soil salinization and the climate-mediated proliferation of resilient agricultural pests and weeds. Halophytes, extremophile plants naturally adapted to high-salinity niches, represent an underexploited reservoir of bioactive compounds and microbial consortia with significant bioeconomic potential. This review synthesizes the multi-functional utility of halophyte-derived bioactive compounds in mitigating contemporary environmental stressors through two primary lenses. First, we discuss the biochemical efficacy of halophyte-derived secondary metabolites and essential oils (EOs) as sustainable biopesticides, highlighting their potency against taxa that exhibit increasing resistance to conventional synthetic inputs. Second, we evaluate the mechanistic role of halophyte-associated rhizobiomes and biostimulants in enhancing the physiological plasticity of glycophytic crops. Specifically, we detail their capacity to modulate antioxidant defense systems, maintain ion homeostasis, and alleviate osmotic stress under saline environments. Lastly, we delineate the phytochemical stability and non-target safety of halophyte plant extracts and essential oils. By synthesizing current ecotoxicological data, we illustrate how these biogenic inputs offer superior selectivity, safeguarding beneficial entomofauna and soil microbiota while maintaining high efficacy against target insect pests. By bridging the traditionally disparate domains of phytochemical pest control and rhizosphere engineering, this review proposes a holistic biotechnological paradigm. We conclude that the transition toward halophyte-based solutions offers a strategic, circular-economy pathway to stabilize food systems and safeguard public health, providing a robust bio-based alternative to synthetic agrochemicals in increasingly marginalized landscapes.