LONG-TERM ABA THERAPY OUTCOMES FOR CHILDREN WITH AUTISM IN A CLUSTERED SAMPLE FROM ROMANIA

Abstract

Objectives: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by challenges in social communication and restricted, repetitive behaviors. Although no cure exists, various therapeutic approaches—especially early intervention programs—have shown positive effects on cognitive, social, and adaptive functioning. Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) is one of the most empirically supported interventions for ASD and the most widely used in Romania. Methods: This study evaluated the long-term outcomes of ABA therapy in a clustered sample of 23 children (19 boys, 4 girls) aged 4–11, all independently diagnosed with ASD. The children received consistent ABA therapy in the same Romanian therapy center for 4 years. Progress was measured annually using the Adaptive Behavior Assessment System–Second Edition (ABAS–II), assessing Conceptual, Social, and Practical adaptive behavior domains. Results: At baseline, mean composite scores were low across domains: Conceptual (68.74), Social (64.96), Practical (64.39), and General Adaptive Composite (GAC: 63.57). After 4 years, mean improvements were: Conceptual (+17.30), Social (+16.70), Practical (+21.26), and GAC (+21.65). However, individual trajectories varied significantly, with some children showing regression—especially in the Social domain (range: -31 to +67, SD = 23.57). Conclusions: While group-level progress after long-term ABA therapy is evident, individual outcomes are inconsistent. These findings underscore the need for individualized treatment planning and further research into factors influencing therapeutic response. Keywords: ABA, autism, children, long-term therapy, ABAS-II