Exploring Critical Success Factors for Effective Blockchain Implementation in Green Building Projects

Abstract

Integrating blockchain technology into green building (GB) projects presents substantial opportunities to improve transparency, traceability, and collaboration in the construction sector. However, blockchain’s successful implementation into GB projects remains limited due to the lack of a clear understanding of the critical success factors (CSFs) that facilitate effective adoption. This study identified and classified the CSFs affecting blockchain’s implementation within the GB context using a quantitative approach. A systematic literature review (SLR) and expert consultations initially were performed to establish a preliminary list of 27 CSFs. A validated questionnaire survey subsequently was conducted among industry professionals and academic specialists in GB and digital technologies, resulting in 115 valid responses. Data were examined through exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to identify the fundamental dimensions influencing the implementation of blockchain success. Emergent findings identified five critical factor groups, namely technology-related, organizational and strategic–related, government-related, stakeholder engagement–related, and environmental and GB alignment–related, which collectively explain 74.59% of the total variance. The reliability analysis validated internal consistency among all extracted factors. Practically, the results will support policymakers in designing regulatory and incentive mechanisms, assist organizations in developing strategic adoption plans, and help project stakeholders align blockchain initiatives with sustainability objectives, thereby accelerating digital transformation within the GB sector.