Skip to content
Open access

Bipolar Turiyam Graph

Sep 2026 · F1000Research · Vol 15, pp. 1529 · 0 citations · 16 references

TL;DR

This article introduced Bipolar Turiyam Graphs (BTGs), detailing their defining characteristics and key parameters, and established the concept of the Bipolar Turiyam Set (BTS), and examined the significance of Bipolar Relations within these graphs.

Abstract

Background Bipolar turiyam graphs are a type of graph that extends the concept of turiyam graphs by incorporating bipolar characteristics. They are useful in fields like network theory and combinatorial optimization because they can model complex systems with two-way relationships. Method The research focuses on defining the structural properties of bipolar turiyam graphs through a purely theoretical approach and graph-theoretical techniques. Also, we analyse key metrics like degree, and closed neighborhood degree. Results In this article, we have introduced the concept of bipolar turiyam graphs (BTGs) and explored their fundamental properties and parameters. Conclusion This article has introduced Bipolar Turiyam Graphs (BTGs), detailing their defining characteristics and key parameters. We explored various types of BTGs, established the concept of the Bipolar Turiyam Set (BTS), and examined the significance of Bipolar Relations within these graphs. This foundational understanding paves the way for further research and applications in graph theory, enhancing our ability to analyze complex networks and relationships.

Read PDF

Similar papers

Open access Aug 2026

Level Graph of Turiyam Graphs: Concepts and Applications

The concept of the (α, β, γ, δ)-level graph for a Turiyam graph, a novel extension of fuzzy and neutrosophic graphs that incorporates a fourth independent membership degree representing the unknown or liberal component, is investigated.

Fikadu Tesgera Tolasa, V. N. S. R. Repalle, Gamachu Adugna Ganati et al. · 0 citations
Open access 2026

GRAPH THEORY FUNDAMENTALS AND APPLICATIONS

Graphs are mathematical structures composed of nodes and edges representing entity relationships. They help analyze the network properties, and model real-world phenomena to understand the complex and tricky systems. There are several applications of graphs in real-life problems. This article deals with the application...

Riddhi Jangid, Gajendra Pratap Singh, Tushar Dedha · 0 citations
Review Open access Sep 2026

Graph Embeddings on Surfaces: A Classical Review of Topological Graph Theory

Topological graph theory studies graphs in relation to the surfaces on which they can be drawn. This review presents the main classical ideas of the field in a clear and connected framework. It begins with graph embeddings, Euler’s formula, and the basic principles of planar graphs. It then discusses important classica...

Ghadeer Khudhair Obayes, Karrar Khudhair Obayes · 0 citations
Open access Sep 2026

A Turiyam Graph Approach to Medical Diagnosis

This paper rigorously defines essential operations on turiyam graphs, establishes their properties and demonstrate their applicability to medical diagnosis, and establishes a formal framework for operations on turiyam graphs.

G. A. Ganati, Lemesa Bedjisa Dano, Fikadu Tesgera Tolasa et al. · 0 citations
#edge computing Open access Aug 2026

Chromatic Number of Bipolar Intuitionistic Fuzzy Graphs

Level graphs and strong level graphs are introduced as tools to define and compute the chromatic number of BIFGs, demonstrating that the proposed level-graph method yields exact chromatic numbers for classes of BIFGs.

Fikadu Tesgera Tolasa, V. N. S. R. Repalle, G. A. Ganati et al. · 0 citations
Aug 2026

Connectivity Concepts in m-Polar Fuzzy Incidence Graphs

This paper introduces and investigates the connectivity properties with [Formula: see text]-PFIG, a novel extension of fuzzy incidence graphs characterized by multiple membership values corresponding to different polarities. The study systematically defines and explores key connectivity concepts, including paths, cycle...

Dilara Akter Mitu, Tanmoy Mahapatra, Abid Ali et al. · 0 citations

We use cookies to run the site and, with your consent, for analytics and to show ads. See our Cookie Policy.