[Advances in the application of stem cells for the treatment of respiratory diseases].

Stem cell–based therapies in pediatric disorders: translational advances, unresolved challenges, and future horizons

This paper will provide the current information on stem cells used in the treatment of children and the many different types of stem cells, including: hematopoietic stem cells (and their derivatives), mesenchymal stem cells (and their derivatives), induced pluripotent stem cells, embryonic stem cells, tissue-specific progenitor cells, extracellular vesicles, and bioengineered products.

[Advances in stem cell and exosome-based therapies for dry eye disease].

Basic and Translational Research Advances in NSCLC.

Treatments for lung cancer have advanced significantly over the last 2 decades, improving survival and long-term outcomes. However, lung cancer mortality remains high, and cures for metastatic disease have remained elusive. Here, we outline recent advances in our understanding of lung cancer biology and areas of interest for future therapeutic development, with a focus on resistance mechanisms, tumor heterogeneity, plasticity, minimal residual disease, and the tumor microenvironment. A comprehensive understanding of how these areas influence tumor biology will be essential for the development of future lung cancer therapies and to improve the care of lung cancer patients.

Stem cell-derived exosomes in the therapy of renal diseases: a comprehensive review

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) represents a growing global public health challenge. Current treatments, including pharmacological therapy, immunosuppression, and renal replacement therapy, mainly aim to slow disease progression rather than restore damaged renal tissue, and their efficacy remains limited in many patients. Although stem cell-based therapies have shown regenerative potential, their clinical application is constrained by poor cell survival, limited engraftment, immunogenicity, and potential safety concerns. Stem cell-derived exosomes (SC-exosomes) have therefore attracted increasing attention as a potential cell-free therapeutic strategy. These nanoscale extracellular vesicles can transfer bioactive cargoes, including proteins, lipids, messenger RNAs (mRNAs), and microRNAs (miRNAs), to recipient cells and thereby mediate intercellular communication. Compared with parental stem cell transplantation, SC-exosomes may offer several advantages, including lower immunogenicity, reduced tumorigenic risk, relative stability, and the potential to cross certain biological barriers. This comprehensive review summarizes current research on SC-exosomes in renal diseases, with emphasis on their biological characteristics, therapeutic mechanisms, preclinical evidence, and translational challenges. SC-exosomes may contribute to renal repair by promoting cell survival and regeneration, suppressing inflammation, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and fibrosis, and modulating immune and microvascular responses. We also discuss their potential relevance in multiple renal conditions, including acute kidney injury (AKI), CKD, diabetic nephropathy (DN), and other kidney diseases, as well as the use of exosomal cargoes as candidate diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers. Finally, we outline emerging opportunities and unresolved challenges in this field, including engineered exosomes, targeted delivery, exosome heterogeneity, dose optimization, large-scale production, purification, quality control, and long-term safety. Further standardized preclinical studies and well-designed clinical trials are needed before SC-exosome-based approaches can be translated into routine clinical application.

The Role Of Stem Cells In Regenerative Dentistry

Regenerative medicine is the branch of medicine that aims to repair and regenerate damaged tissues and presents promising avenues for addressing a wide range of currently incurable diseases. Regenerative medicine is based on the use of cell therapy with stem cells that can differentiate into differentiated cells of specific tissues. There are various types of stem cells, which are different in potential and derivation. The donor cells and immune cells play a prominent role in determining the clinical success of MSCs therapy. In line with the promising future that stem cell therapy has shown for tissue engineering applications, dental stem cells have also attracted the attention of the relevant researchers in recent years. The current literature review aims to survey the variety and extension of SC-application in tissue-regenerative dentistry.

Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Extracellular Vesicles for Neurodegenerative Diseases: Therapeutic Advances and Challenges

Abstract Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), as a type of adult stem cells, exhibit robust self-renewal, multi-lineage differentiation, paracrine and immunomodulatory capacities, demonstrating broad application prospects in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. This review systematically summarizes the mechanisms of action, therapeutic advances and comparative analyses of various MSCs and their derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and discusses the optimization effects of gene modification and pretreatment on therapeutic efficacy. This article not only highlights the advantages of various MSCs and their corresponding EVs, but also provides unique insights into their differentiated therapeutic potential and mechanism of action, which have not been fully elucidated in previous studies. Meanwhile, although current research results are encouraging, this paper also critically points out that existing studies suffer from insufficient elucidation of mechanisms and lack of large-scale clinical trials. Finally, the article prospects future directions of MSC-based therapeutic strategies, including mechanism deepening, treatment optimization and standardization system construction, to promote their translation into clinical application. However, most of the current evidence is still preclinical, and the recognized clinical efficacy in humans is still limited. This is a narrative review. Literature was screened from Web of Science and PubMed by thematic relevance and research quality, without systematic review protocol or meta-analysis.