Decoding the Anticancer Potential of Pyridine Frameworks.

Abstract

Cancer remains a major global health challenge, profoundly affecting quality of life and contributing to rising mortality rates. Persistent and recurrent cancers, along with the development of resistance to existing therapies, underscore the urgent need for novel anticancer agents with improved potency, selectivity, pharmacokinetic profiles, and reduced toxicity. Among the promising candidates in modern drug discovery, pyridine derivatives have gained significant attention for their broad spectrum of biological activities and remarkable therapeutic versatility. Notably, several pyridine-based compounds have demonstrated potent anticancer effects through distinct molecular mechanisms; for instance, Sunitinib, a pyridine-containing tyrosine kinase inhibitor, targets VEGFR and PDGFR to block tumor angiogenesis; Crizotinib inhibits ALK and c-Met signalling; and Pazopanib suppresses VEGFR-mediated pathways involved in tumor proliferation and metastasis. These examples highlight the pivotal role of the pyridine scaffold in modulating key oncogenic signalling cascades.