Aug 2026· International Journal of Veterinary Medicine· pp. 30-39· 0 citations· 18 references
TL;DR
A bioinformatic analysis of the proteomes of the major Newcastle disease virus antigens — the F and HN proteins — was carried out to identify potential immunogenic epitopes, indicating high potential immunogenicity of several identified sequences.
Abstract
Newcastle Disease (ND) is a highly contagious viral infection of birds that causes significant economic losses in the poultry industry. Traditional whole-virion vaccines often fail to provide crossneutralizing im-munity, emphasizing the need for innovative approaches to the design of new vaccine candidates. Conducting a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis of VBN representatives is necessary to achieve such goals as the creation of new candidate vaccines with a broad spectrum of protection, including DIVA-compatible ones, increasing the specificity and sensitivity of diagnostic tools, as well as overcoming the problem of antigenic drift, which will allow for the rapid adaptation of the composition of vaccines and diagnostics in accordance with the current epizootic situation. In this study, a bioinformatic analysis of the proteomes of the major Newcastle disease virus (NDV) antigens — the F and HN proteins — was carried out to identify potential immunogenic epitopes. Using sequences of var-ious viral strains circulating in Russia and neighboring countries, deposited in the GenBank database, both B-cell and T-cell epitopes were identified. The applied prediction algorithms showed that the regions with the highest epitope density are associated with critical functional domains of the proteins involved in viral membrane fusion and host receptor recognition. The results indicate high potential immunogenicity of several identified sequences. Information on epitope local-ization and antigenicity assessment serves as a foundation for further studies aimed at developing recombinant vaccines and highly specific diagnostic tools, which are key to effective control of ND spread in bird populations. This study highlights the importance of a targeted approach to vaccine design under the condi-tions of continuous antigenic evolution of the virus.
NDVaxWA is a potential vaccine candidate for improved protective efficacy against the currently circulating NDV strains in West Africa and an in silico immune simulation revealed robust humoral and cell mediated responses following vaccination with NDVaxWA.
M.B. Bello, N. Lawal· Journal of Agriculture and E...· 0 citations
These computational results suggest that the construct has the potential to induce effective immunity against WELV, however further experimental validations in future have to be performed in order to confirm its efficacy against the pathogen.
Kadhirmathiyan Velumani, Sarumathi Umapathi, B. Shanmugaraj· Human Immunology· 0 citations
Newcastle disease virus is one of the most highly contagious infections impacting poultry industries worldwide. This study aimed to develop a bacteriophage display system as a cost-effective and immunogenic method for expressing the immunodominant region of the Newcastle Disease Virus Fusion (F) protein for use in serological assays. Both in-silico and in-vitro analyses indicated that the selected antigen is stable, accurate, and reliable for further in-vivo studies. The displayed antigen successfully detected NDV-GVII-specific antibodies in vaccinated chickens. Additionally, a significant correlation was observed between ELISA and HI test results on chicken serum samples. This approach addresses safety concerns associated with wild-type virulent NDVs and offers improved diagnostic accuracy and scalability, aligning with industry needs for improved Newcastle disease detection, control, and management on poultry farms.
Mehrnaz Najafi, H. T. Nguyen, Bahareh Pakbaten et al.· Scientific Reports· 0 citations
Among infectious diseases, tuberculosis is the biggest cause of death worldwide. Thus, controlling TB, a global epidemic, is a major public health concern on a worldwide scale. According to epidemiological modelling, a new vaccination that can prevent TB, especially in adults and adolescents, is necessary to control the disease’s spread, even while medication therapies for the disease are still improving. The development of novel vaccines with broader applicability and improved, long-lasting effectiveness becomes increasingly crucial as strains resistant to various drugs emerge. This work designed a multi-epitope subunit vaccine (MESV) candidateusing immunoinformatic approaches that targets five virulence-associated proteins, Rv0227c, Rv0584, Lipoprotein LprA, Phospholipase C, and Antigen 85 C. Antigenicity, non-allergenicity, and non-toxicity were the criteria used to identify and filter potential CTL, HTL, and B-cell epitopes. High-affinity epitopes connected with suitable spacers and an adjuvant for improved immunogenicity were included in the carried-out vaccine formulation. Validation and structural modelling verified the MESV’s quality and stability. TLR2 and TLR4 receptors have strong interactions, which were further demonstrated through molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulations showed low fluctuations and good structural stability. Further, the MMPBSA analysis was introduced to determine the binding affinity of the vaccine construct, and a more pronounced binding affinity was established by the designed vaccine with TLR4. Increased cytokine release, memory cell development, and the developed MESV candidateare viable options warranting further experimental validation, as it may elicit potent humoral and cellular immune responses against M. tuberculosis.
Swagat Ranjan Maharana, S. Khan, Kiran Mahapatra et al.· Scientific Reports· 0 citations
Dengue virus (DENV) and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) co-infection poses a growing challenge in regions where both arboviruses co-circulate, highlighting the need for integrated vaccine strategies. Here, we designed a multi-epitope subunit vaccine candidate targeting conserved regions of the DENV NS1 protein and the CHIKV NSP1 protein using an immunoinformatics-based approach. Conserved CTL, HTL, and B-cell epitopes were selected on the basis of antigenicity, safety-related screening, and population coverage, then assembled with immunologically appropriate linkers and an N-terminal human β-defensin-2 adjuvant. The construct displayed favourable physicochemical features and acceptable structural quality after three-dimensional modeling and validation. Docking analysis indicated stable interaction with human TLR4, which was further examined by normal-mode analysis and 100-ns all-atom molecular dynamics simulations performed in AMBER v24 with the ff19SB force field. Trajectory analyses supported conformational stability of the vaccine-TLR4 complex, and MM/GBSA calculations suggested favourable binding energetics. Codon optimization supported expression feasibility in the E. coli pET-28a(+) system. In silico immune simulation further predicted induction of both humoral and cellular immune responses, with increased antibody production and immune-memory development. These results support the proposed construct as a rational candidate for further experimental evaluation toward a vaccine strategy against DENV-CHIKV co-infection.
Sadeeq Ullah, Junhong Xie, Caixia Guo et al.· Journal of Genetic Engineeri...· 0 citations
The rationally designed multi-epitope vaccine demonstrates robust theoretical potential to elicit comprehensive, long-lasting immunity in humans, although its safety and effectiveness require additional experimental validation.
Chenchen Yi, Yu Shen, Ye Luo et al.· Frontiers in Cellular and In...· 0 citations
