Jul 2026· Journal of Materials Research· Vol 41, pp. 1998 - 2017· 0 citations· 60 references
TL;DR
HAP–FA nanocomposite represents a promising candidate for osteomyelitis prevention and osteosarcoma suppression and exhibits significant anti-bacterial activity and ability to induce apoptosis.
Abstract
Osteomyelitis and osteosarcoma are challenging bone disorders requiring biomaterials to combat bacterial colonization and suppress tumor cell proliferation. Hydroxyapatite (HAP) is a benchmark bone material but lacks anti-bacterial activity and ability to induce apoptosis. Ferulic acid (FA) was incorporated into HAP via ultrasonic-assisted hydrothermal synthesis as a chelating agent and bioactive modifier. The synthesized HAP–FA nanocomposite was characterized using various physicochemical techniques. It exhibited significant anti-bacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, achieving a 1-log reduction in colony-forming units, along with moderate antioxidant potential. MTT assay results in MG-63 osteosarcoma cells, the nanocomposite induced complete cell death at 100 μg/mL with an IC50 of 47.82 μg/mL. In contrast, MC3T3 pre-osteoblast cells maintained 93% viability at 200 μg/mL, demonstrating good biocompatibility. Annexin V-FITC/PI flow cytometric result confirmed early apoptosis (49.23%) with minimal necrosis (0.19%), indicating apoptotic pathway activation. Hence, HAP–FA nanocomposite represents a promising candidate for osteomyelitis prevention and osteosarcoma suppression.
Osteosarcoma is an aggressive primary bone malignancy associated with high recurrence rates and limited therapeutic outcomes, necessitating the development of biomaterials capable of supporting bone regeneration while modulating tumor cell response. Our study focuses on the fabrication of Mg-Zn co-doped hydroxyapatite (M-HAp) and its incorporation to form composites, using poly lactic acid (M-HAp-PLA) and a ternary nanocomposite with nanotubular reinforcement (M-HAp-PLA-HNT). The composites were investigated in vitro for their toxicity and anti-cancer activity using L929 (mouse fibroblast cell) and MG-63 (human osteosarcoma cells). Cell viability assessed by the MTT assay confirmed that all composites maintained >90% viability, indicating acceptable selective cytocompatibility. ROS and AO/PI supported MTT assay with viable cells observed after treatment, the composites where AO/PI staining showed predominantly viable (green) cells with a limited fraction of membrane-compromised (red) cells, indicating partial but controlled cellular stress. DAPI staining further confirmed intact nuclear morphology, with no evident chromatin condensation or fragmentation. The observed biological response suggests that the combined effects of Mg2+ and Zn2+ ionic substitution, along with polymeric (PLA) and nanotubular (HNT) reinforcement, contribute to enhanced surface reactivity and regulated cell-material interactions. In particular, the ternary nanocomposite system exhibits a more uniform cellular distribution with moderated oxidative stress, without inducing extensive cytotoxic damage. Substantially, the developed composites exhibit a balanced dual functionality, combining cytocompatibility with controlled anticancer activity and demonstrate potential as advanced biomaterials for post-resection osteosarcoma management and bone tissue engineering applications.
Sivasakthi Sivakumar, Surendiran Mohan, Gopi Srinivasan et al.· Journal of Biomaterials Scie...· 0 citations
ABSTRACT Objective: To synthesise and evaluate Vitex negundo-conjugated hydroxyapatite (VN-HAp) as a bioactive material for bone regeneration, particularly in oral squamous cell carcinoma-infiltrated bone, by assessing its physicochemical properties, biomineralization potential, and cytocompatibility. Material and Methods: A VN-HAP solution was prepared, and the in vitro biomineralization of VH-HAP in simulated body fluid solution (SBF) was evaluated in normal and carcinoma-infiltrated bone at 7 and 14-day immersion periods. Comparative surface characterizations and an MTT assay were performed. Results: The SEM and FT-IR spectra confirmed the successful incorporation of Vitex negundo extract into hydroxyapatite (VH-HAP), resulting in a porous structure that enhances in vitro biomineralization. After 7 and 14 days of immersion in SBF, both normal and tumor bone showed increased mineral deposition, confirmed by EDX and SEM analysis. FT-IR spectra highlighted phosphate nucleation. The MTT assay demonstrated 90% and 80% cell viability in normal and tumor bone, respectively, and confocal microscopy showed osteoblast recruitment, suggesting VH-HAP's potential to promote bone regeneration. Conclusion: Vitex negundo-conjugated hydroxyapatite exhibited excellent biomineralization ability and cytocompatibility, demonstrating its potential as a novel herbal-bioceramic composite for bone regeneration, particularly in post-cancer reconstructive applications.
Priyadharshini Govindarajan, Kalaiyarasan Madhu, P. Ramani et al.· Pesquisa Brasileira em Odont...· 0 citations
Naturally produced Hydroxyapatite (HAP) yields beneficial attributes with regards to its biological functions including cell compatibility, proliferation and osteoinduction. This study synthesized HAP from oyster shells as a calcium source with multiple hydrothermal reaction times including 1 h, 6 h and 24 h at 150℃. A wet precipitated control sample was produced at room temperature. Characterization using FTIR, XRD, SEM-EDX and BET were conducted, followed by a degradation analysis. Bio-compatibility study of Oys-HAP was performed against Saos-2 osteoblast-like cells. The results showed nano scaled elongated and oval-shaped Oys-HAP particles with high crystallinity, beta-type carbonated, non-stoichiometric Ca/P ratio with a maximum surface area of 41.39 m2·g‒1. Furthermore, Oys-HAP samples were non-toxic and significantly enhanced Saos-2 cell proliferation by 65.6% compared to the negative control. These findings demonstrate the potential of oyster shell-derived Oys-HAP as a sustainable and effective biomaterial for biomedical applications.
Amin Saiff Johari, N. Zulkepli, Nur Shahida Kader Bashah et al.· JOURNAL OF METALS, MATERIALS...· 0 citations
Introduction and Aims Infectious alveolar defects in dentistry present a persistent clinical dilemma, necessitating approaches that simultaneously promote osseous repair and suppress microbial adhesion. This study aimed to characterize the bifunctional properties of curcumin-derived carbon dots (Cur-CD) in facilitating the osteogenic commitment of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) and exerting antibacterial effects, and offers foundational proof-of-concept data to support further evaluation in peri-implantitis-related infectious models. Methods Cur-CD complex was synthesized and thoroughly characterized. Primary rBMSCs were isolated and cultured. The optimal working concentration of Cur-CD was identified via CCK-8 analysis. The cells were divided into control (Ctrl) and Cur-CD-treated groups. The degree of osteogenic differentiation was measured by Alizarin Red S staining, while protein and mRNA expression of key osteogenic markers (Runx2, OPN, Osterix, and OCN) were analyzed via Western blotting and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, respectively. An oxidative stress model was established with H2O2, and cell migration was assessed by the transwell assay. The microbicidal properties against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were examined using PI staining, plate colony counting, and inhibition zone assays. Results The Cur-CD complex significantly enhanced mineralized nodule formation and upregulated both protein and mRNA expression of Runx2, OPN, Osterix, and OCN compared to the Ctrl group. Under H2O2-induced oxidative stress, Cur-CD treatment markedly promoted rBMSC migration. Additionally, the complex substantially increased bacterial mortality and reduced colony formation in E. coli and S. aureus. Clinical Relevance These results demonstrate Cur-CD’s dual osteogenic and antibacterial capacity, laying groundwork for future exploration of its utility against peri-implantitis-associated bone defects. Conclusion The Cur-CD complex demonstrates promising dual functionality by enhancing osteogenic differentiation of rBMSCs and exerting robust antibacterial effects.
Yu Zhang, Ling-Yi Kong, Gang Dong et al.· Frontiers in Cell and Develo...· 0 citations
The bamboo shell-derived HAp/Alg composite produced at pH 10 was a potential candidate for localized antibacterial drug delivery systems in biomedical applications and carried clindamycin efficiently carried on the composite matrix and released in a sustained manner.
Wulandari Wulandari, N. Jamarun, D. V. Wellia et al.· Baghdad Science Journal· 0 citations
Bioactive strength is crucial for load-bearing biomaterials. Although hydroxyapatite is highly biocompatible, it has brittleness and a lack of dual-ion substitution in polymeric scaffold studies. In this work, Ce/Fe doped HAP was synthesized by chemical precipitation and solvent cast onto PLA films. Phase-pure HAP with no secondary phases and a crystallite size decrease from 2.58-0.85 nm following doping was confirmed by XRD. Its structural integrity was confirmed by FTIR, which showed the distinctive phosphate and hydroxyl bands 550-627, 964.7, 1026, 3441 and 650 cm-1. While EDAX confirmed the distribution of Ca, P, Ce and Fe with Ca/P ratios between 1.64 and 1.67. SEM showed homogeneous morphology. Nanorod structures measuring roughly 50-100 nm in length and 15-20 nm in width were revealed by TEM investigation. Enhanced surface reactivity was indicated by a rise in BET surface area from 89.17-105.82 m2/g and pore-volume from 0.411-0.499 cm3/g. Rapid apatite-nucleation and thick Ca/P-rich layer development were encouraged by in vitro bioactivity in SBF. Because enhanced dispersion stability and decreased particle agglomeration promote cellular interaction and lessen harmful effects, DLS analysis revealed nanosized with stable zeta potential, which correlates with the reported MG-63 cell viability reaching 84%. Excellent hemocompatibility was demonstrated by the fabricated dual ion doped HAP/PLA composite. Microhardness improved by almost 85%, rising from 73 HV to 135 HV. Ce/Fe doped HAP sample possess superior anti-microbial efficiency against both gram (+)'ve and gram (-)'ve strains. These findings demonstrate the complementary effects of polymer reinforcement and dual-ion doping, suggesting great promise for Osteo-regenerative applications.
Sabitha R, Kumaraguru S, Issathul Riswan M et al.· Journal of Biomaterials Scie...· 0 citations
