ROLE OF DIETARY AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS IN GLYCEMIC CONTROL AMONG PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY IN DEHRADUN, UTTARAKHAND
Jul 2026· International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology· Vol 16· 0 citations· 16 references
TL;DR
The study revealed that people with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus could improve their glycaemic control when coupled with regular exercise and effective stress management, and good eating habits, suggesting that improving glycaemic control should be considered a public health goal.
Abstract
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is an important worldwide public health problem of decreased insulin secretion
and insulin resistance that result in chronic hyperglycemia. The number of people with type 2 diabetes has
significantly increased over the past few years due to a variety of unhealthy habits in their daily life, including a lack
of physical activity, obesity, stress and environmental influences. Knowledge and understanding of all the factors
affecting glycaemic control is crucial for diabetes care..
Objective: The objective of this research was to assess the management of the blood sugar level of T2DM patients
with respect to environmental and food influences in their residency of Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India.
Methods: This research method used was descriptive cross sectional research. This was a systematic questionnaire
data collection was conducted to achieve a hundred diabetes mellitus (Type 2) patients. The following data was
collected: demographics, dietary fibre consumption, stress levels, levels of physical activity, and glycaemic control
status. To determine the association between lifestyle factors and glycemic effects the data captured needed
statistical analysis in the form of comparisons, frequency distributions and percentages.
Results: The dietary and environmental variables were demonstrated to have a significant effect on diabetes care.
Those with the highest score were those who ate more dietary fibre than those with the lowest score, suggesting that
improving glycaemic control should be considered a public health goal. Being physically inactive had a negative
association with the control of diabetes and having regular physical activity had a positive association with
glycaemic outcomes. The level of stress was positively associated with glycaemic control, even though there were
no significant differences between Gly Haemoglobin mean values of the highly stressed, moderately stressed and
not stressed groups.The level of stress was closely associated with the Diabetes outcome, though the Gly
Haemoglobin mean value for the highly stressed, moderately stressed and not stressed did not differ significantly.
Furthermore, the study revealed that people with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus could improve their glycaemic control
when coupled with regular exercise and effective stress management, and good eating habits.
Conclusion: Environmental and nutritional factors play an important role in the management of Type 2 Diabetes
Mellitus (T2DM), the study suggests. A diet rich in fibre, regular exercise and reducing stress could help to improve
glycaemic management and health outcomes. It is essential that programs aimed at managing diabetes emphasise the
need of integrated lifestyle treatments. Healthcare providers, lawmakers, and public health workers may be able to
use the results to inform the creation of more efficient plans to reduce the prevalence of diabetes.
Background: Diabetes mellitus is a major public health problem associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Adequate knowledge and lifestyle modification play an important role in achieving optimal glycemic control and preventing diabetes-related complications. This study aimed to determine the association between knowledge and lifestyle modification with control of HbA1c among patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Medicine, Combined Military Hospital (CMH), Sylhet over a period of 06 months. A total of 150 patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus were selected by purposive and convenient sampling methods. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire regarding sociodemographic profile, clinical characteristics, diabetes-related knowledge and lifestyle modification practices. Glycemic control was assessed by HbA1c level. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25.0. Results: The majority of patients were male (66.7%) and aged ≤40 years (41.3%). Most patients had uncontrolled HbA1c levels (84.0%). Knowledge regarding HbA1c was low, as only 20.0% knew that HbA1c reflects long-term blood glucose control. Regular physical exercise was reported by 52.7% of patients, while only 13.3% monitored blood glucose regularly. Significant associations were found between controlled HbA1c and knowledge about HbA1c (p=0.004), diabetic diet adherence (p=0.048), regular physical exercise (p=0.021) and self-monitoring of blood glucose (p=0.043). Conclusion: Poor diabetes-related knowledge and inadequate lifestyle modification were significantly associated with uncontrolled HbA1c levels among patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
A. Rahman, Brigadier General Nasir Uddin Ahmed, Brigadier General Shamima Yasmin et al.· Scholars Journal of Applied...· 0 citations
The study observed reductions in glycaemic parameters after a nutrition promotion intervention in regulating the blood glucose levels among T2DM patients and supported the importance and effect of customised nutrition counselling and health education in diabetes management to improve glycaemic control.
A. F. Fahhima, I. P. Kumar, B. Nisha· Journal of Clinical and Diag...· 0 citations
Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disease that occurs when the body cannot properly use or does not produce enough insulin. This leads to hyperglycemia, or elevated blood glucose levels. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the most common form of diabetes, accounting for about 90-95% of all diabetic cases. Aim: To examine the association of behavioral factors with the development of chronic complications and the degree of glycoregulation in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: The research was conducted as a descriptive study on a sample of 215 subjects with a diagnosis of T2DM set in accordance with the criteria of the American Diabetes Association (ADA), treated at the Srbac Health Center and the Banja Luka Health Center in the period March-November 2024. The subjects were selected using a random sample method. They filled out a questionnaire with general and sociodemographic data and a questionnaire with medical data and laboratory analyses. Results: Smoking, physical inactivity, inadequate diet and alcohol consumption have a significant impact on the occurrence of certain complications, such as retinopathy, neuropathy, ischemic heart disease and peripheral vasculopathy. Poor blood glucose control and elevated HbA1c values, together with an unfavorable lipid profile and the presence of hypertension, further increase the risk of developing complications. Smoking, physical inactivity and poor diet have a statistically significant association with poorer glycoregulation in patients with type 2 diabetes. Conclusion: The significance of this study lies in the fact that it indicates the necessity of a comprehensive approach to the treatment of diabetes, which must not be focused exclusively on blood sugar regulation, but must include lifestyle changes, monitoring of lipid status and blood pressure, as well as systematic patient education.
Kosana Stanetić, Srđan Bajagić, S. Vujnović et al.· Respiratio· 0 citations
Obesity and physical inactivity are important clinical and lifestyle factors in the progression of Type 2 diabetes mellitus. A high-calorie diet contributes mainly to the development of obesity resulting in Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Obesity or increased intra-abdominal adipose tissue is interrelated to insulin resistance. Exercise reduces body weight and makes a potential mechanism for the maintenance of glucose homeostasis and remission of Type 2 Diabetes. The objective of the study was to evaluate the status of physical activity and glycemic control among Type 2 DM. This was a descriptive type of Cross-Sectional study conducted from April 2022 to December 2022 at Combined Military Hospital, Dhaka. DM was diagnosed by a concerned physician and reported at the Outpatient Department of Endocrinology, Combined Military Hospital, and Dhaka. Out of 101 respondents, the majority of the respondent was in the age group 41-50 years, the mean age of the respondents were 49.92±8.36. Maximum respondents 70 (69.3%) were male. 98.2% of the respondents were married and only 1.98% were widowed. Regarding educational status, 54.4% were secondary qualified and 7.9% were primary qualified. Most 50 (79.4%) of the respondents were hypertensive followed by 23 (36.5%) had CHD, 15 (23.8%) had asthma, 5 (7.9%) had CKD, 4 (6.3%) respondents had CLD and 3 (4.8%) had Cancer. A maximum of 45 (44.6%) respondents did moderate Physical activities. A negative correlation was found between Physical exercise and total MET score.
Findings revealed that physical activity is the cornerstone of glycemic control in type 2 Diabetes mellitus patients. The result of the MET Score had a negative correlation with the glycaemic status.
Lieutenant Fazl-E-Elahi, Md Arifuzzaman, Major Hossain· International Journal of Dia...· 0 citations
Background: Both type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) usually occur parallelly and share a common pathophysiological mechanism. This may include insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and inflammation. Change in nutrition and lifestyle can help manage these conditions in a cost-effective manner. Objectives: The aim was to evaluate the effect of dietary and lifestyle intervention in patients with T2DM and MAFLD. To observe the difference in parameters like glycemic, lipid, and anthropometric profiles of subjects over the period of six months. Methods: A stratified randomized controlled trial was conducted among 300 adults with T2DM from diabetic and gastroenterology clinics in Bhubaneswar, India. Participants were categorized on the basis of the presence of MAFLD. They were randomly divided into a control group and an intervention group. Four groups with 75 participants each were created. The outcomes were measured at different intervals. It was measured at the time of start of the study and then at 1 month, 3 month, and 6 months. Results: The results were observed across all parameters in the total population. The results showed improvements over six months (p<0.001). Reduction in FBS was observed in MAFLD group. Other parameters reduced were PPBS (34.35 mg/dL), HbA1c (0.91%), ALT (21.80 U/L), AST (17.55 U/L), triglycerides (35.69 mg/dL), BMI (1.17 kg/m²), and weight (3.44 kg), with HDL rising by 4.18 mg/dL. Non-MAFLD intervention group also showed improvements, but control groups experienced only marginal changes. Intervention vs. control comparisons revealed very large effect sizes (Cohen's d: −5.05 to −5.86), with all mean differences significant at p<0.001 and 95% confidence intervals excluding zero. Conclusion: Significant improvements can be achieved with structured nutrition and lifestyle intervention in various metabolic parameters in T2DM patients. This makes a cornerstone in MAFLD and T2DM management.
Anmayee Nanda, Sambit Das, S. Patro· Genetics and Molecular Resea...· 0 citations
Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a significant public health problem, particularly in Nigeria, with increasing prevalence worldwide. Hyperglycemia in T2DM is associated with various metabolic disturbances, including alterations in uric acid metabolism. This study investigates the effect of hyperglycemia on the serum uric acid (SUA) levels in patients with T2DM. Methodology: This cross-sectional observational study included 100 participants comprising 70 patients with T2DM and 30 age- and sex-matched non-diabetic individuals in the control group. Blood samples were obtained to measure fasting and postprandial plasma glucose and SUA levels. Statistical analyses were conducted to compare the groups. Results: A total of 100 participants were recruited for this study. The results indicated that diabetic patients had significantly higher fasting SUA levels (0.45 ± 0.16 mmol/L) when compared to the control group (0.28 ± 0.05 mmol/L, p = 0.02). Similarly, postprandial SUA levels were elevated in diabetic patients (0.58 ± 0.16 mmol/L) compared to controls (0.30 ± 0.06 mmol/L, p = 0.022). No statistically significant difference was observed between fasting and postprandial SUA levels within the diabetic and control groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: Hyperglycemia in individuals with T2DM is significantly associated with increased serum uric acid levels. These findings show the clinical relevance of monitoring SUA in patients with type 2 diabetes.
M. Ugonabo, C. Okwor, Ijeoma A Meka et al.· Nigerian Medical Journal· 0 citations
