Aug 2026· One Health Journal· Vol 4, pp. 87-97· 0 citations· 1 references
Abstract
The article summarizes and analyzes modern scientific data on the epizootological and clinical features of American foulbrood (AFB) of bees, the causative agent of which is the spore-forming bacterium Paenibacillus larvae. The historical aspects of the study of the disease, the biological properties of the pathogen, itʼs high resistance in the environment and the ability to maintain infectivity for a long time are highlighted. The ERIC I–V genotypes, their prevalence and differences in virulence are characterized. Based on WOAH (WAHIS) and ProMED data, the modern epizootic situation in the countries of Europe, Asia, Africa and America is analyzed, which indicates the global spread of the disease and its significant economic impact on the beekeeping industry. Typical clinical signs of AFB are described, in particular, variegation of brood, sunken cell lids, the presence of a viscous putrefactive mass and the formation of dense scales. Modern approaches to laboratory diagnostics are considered, including microscopic, bacteriological and molecular genetic methods with an emphasis on the high sensitivity of PCR for early detection of the pathogen. The main preventive measures are summarized, which include compliance with veterinary and sanitary standards, regular monitoring of apiaries, control of bee movements and timely elimination of dysfunctional colonies, which are key to preventing the spread of American foulbrood.
Objective: This study analyzes the epidemiological structure and clinical features of ascariasis incidence in the Astrakhan region of the Russian Federation, from 2000 to 2024. Methods: Final diagnoses were established based on epidemiological history, clinical symptoms, patient complaints, and detection of helminth eggs by microscopic examination of fecal material. Results: During the study period, 485 cases of human ascariasis were registered in the Astrakhan region, accounting for 60.0±0.0% of the region's total geohelminthiasis burden. Urban cases in Astrakhan accounted for 38.8±0.1% (n=188) of the total. In comparison, rural districts of the Astrakhan region accounted for 61.2±0.0% (n=297), demonstrating a significantly higher incidence rate in rural areas. Clinical analysis revealed that 95.5±0.0% (n=463) of patients presented with various symptoms indicative of helminthic infestation. The remaining 4.5±0.4% (n=22) of cases were asymptomatic. Conclusion: The predominant clinical symptoms included epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and loss of appetite. Agricultural practices, specifically the use of untreated wastewater and sewage sludge as organic fertilizers in commercial, collective, and private farming, remain major potential drivers of population infection. Keywords: Ascariasis, soil, parasitic contamination, abdominal pain, personal hygiene, fecal egg count, parasite larvae.
R. Arakelyan, A. Styopkinа, R. Agagisheva et al.· Avicenna Bulletin· 0 citations
The article is devoted to the study of the epizootology of factor-endogenous infections. The theoretical foundations of the epizootic process are considered, including the differences between the classical exogenous variant of infectious pathology and the endogenous, “closed” variant, in which risk factors, dysbiosis, immunodeficiency states, and activation of opportunistic microorganisms play a decisive role. Particular attention is paid to the microbiological prerequisites of endogenous infections, eubiosis, dysbiosis, viral persistence, and the opportunistic pathogenicity of microbiota representatives. It is shown that factor-endogenous infections do not always fit into the traditional model of the epizootic process, since they may develop without typical pathogen introduction and chain transmission. It is substantiated that such diseases retain population significance for industrial livestock farming and should be considered within the framework of modern epizootology. Emphasis is placed on the need to take into account the state of the microbiota, housing factors, the immunological status of animals, and environmental conditions when assessing the risk of mass infectious pathology. The practical significance of the work is associated with the clarification of approaches to the prevention of factor-related diseases and the interpretation of their epizootological status. This is especially important for large farms with high animal stocking density and technological stressors".
V. Makarov, Y. Barsukov, A. Stekolnikov· Legal regulation in veterina...· 0 citations
Objective: To analyze the epizootic situation of parasitic and fungal dermatitis among dogs and cats in urban populations and to develop an express diagnostic method for veterinary clinics lacking specialized laboratories. Materials and methods. The study was conducted in veterinary clinics of Stavropol (2024-2025). Data from 1,240 medical records were analyzed. For express diagnostics, a DigiMicro 2.0 USB digital microscope (20-200x magnification) was used for onychoscopy of hair, scales, and crusts. Results: Infectious and invasive diseases account for 55% of visits. Dermatomycosis constitutes 28% of skin pathologies. Microsporum canis is the dominant pathogen (93.1%). Stray mixed-breed animals (51%) and young animals aged 2-6 months (28%) are the main risk groups. The proposed express method reduces diagnosis time to 10-15 minutes Conclusion: Dermatomycosis in carnivores poses a significant zooanthroponotic threat. Vaccine prophylaxis in Grozny is underutilized. The introduction of digital microscopy and mandatory vaccination could reduce morbidity by 30-40%
Sh. I. Semedov, B. Bagamaev· Science and Practice. Knowle...· 0 citations
Leishmaniasis is an endemic parasitic disease with significant global impact; World Health Organization (WHO) estimates indicate that over 12 million people are infected, predominantly in underdeveloped and developing tropical countries. The disease is caused by protozoa of the genus *Leishmania*, transmitted by female phlebotomine sandflies. Clinically, it manifests in three main forms: cutaneous (the most prevalent), mucocutaneous, and visceral (associated with high fatality rates). Conventional therapies face critical challenges regarding toxicity, parasite resistance, high costs, and variable efficacy. This narrative literature review, based on studies indexed in PubMed, synthesizes current treatment guidelines and innovations under development, as well as epidemiological control strategies. The findings underscore the need for integrated, multidisciplinary interventions that combine vector control with advances in natural and nanotechnology-based therapies, aiming to optimize the management of this neglected zoonosis.
Aíssa Rodrigues Ramos, Caren Andrigheti Grazziotin, L. Gauer et al.· International Journal of Hea...· 0 citations
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Amoebiasis is a parasitic infection caused by Entamoeba histolytica, affecting 10% of the global population. It is a well recognized cause of morbidity and mortality in low-middle-income countries where it is endemic. However, with increased migration and global travel, amoebiasis is now more common in high-income countries, although diagnosis is often delayed or even missed due to lack of awareness of the latest epidemiology and optimal diagnostic testing. This review discusses the evolving prevalence, and the current international guidelines for the investigation and treatment of amoebiasis, focusing on recent advances.
RECENT FINDINGS
The recent literature shows that the primary investigations for amoebiasis remain the same, though newer modalities such as artificial intelligence-powered microscopy and metagenomics have been developed recently, which aids the accuracy and speed of diagnosis. Treatment remains the same, though current research has found potential new drugs and drug targets which show promise.
SUMMARY
This review reinforces the importance of early clinical suspicion, diagnosis and treatment for amoebiasis. What was once a disease only seen in endemic countries or travel-associated imported cases is now more common and must not be missed.
Louis Egerton, Gauri Godbole· Current Opinion in Infectiou...· 0 citations
Sporotrichosis is a zoonotic implantation mycosis caused by dimorphic fungi of the genus Sporothrix. Transmission occurs through traumatic inoculation of the fungus and may involve different routes, including sapronotic transmission from contaminated soil, plants, and organic matter, zoonotic transmission mainly associated with infected felines, and, less frequently, contaminated fomites. The disease remained neglected for many years; however, several regions have recently reported outbreaks that are difficult to control. Thus, this study aimed to describe the emergence of sporotrichosis in the interior of the state of Pará. Twenty-three suspected cases were evaluated, of which 20 animals were confirmed with the disease in the municipality of Castanhal–PA, all presenting suggestive clinical signs and lesions. Diagnosis was confirmed by fungal culture. A higher incidence of the disease was observed in animals with access to the street and in regions with forest areas or recent occupation. Early diagnosis of sporotrichosis favors treatment, as localized lesions show a better response to drug therapy.
Paula Fernanda Morais de Sousa, Gabriel Soares Sodré, Raquel Mesquita Senado et al.· Companion Animal Health and...· 0 citations
