Transnational corporations (TNCs) are increasingly acting not only as participants but also as key drivers of structural changes in the global economy, determining the directions of international trade, investment activities, and technological development. Therefore, studying the specific features of the impact of TNCs on international economic processes is of significant theoretical and practical importance for the development of effective economic policies in the context of global transformations.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of transnational corporations on the development of international trade and investment processes under conditions of global transformations, as well as to identify current trends in the functioning of TNCs in the world economy.
The research is based on the application of systemic analysis, comparative analysis, statistical generalization, economic analysis, and graphical interpretation of results. The information base of the study includes materials from UNCTAD, WTO, OECD, IMF, the World Bank, as well as scientific works of domestic and foreign scholars.
The findings indicate that transnational corporations remain leading actors in international economic relations and account for a significant share of global trade and foreign direct investment flows. The study confirms that TNCs are major drivers of global value chain formation, international technology transfer, and innovation development. It is substantiated that current global transformations, including digitalization, production regionalization, increasing geopolitical risks, and the implementation of ESG approaches, significantly influence the strategies and activities of transnational corporations.
The results of the study demonstrate that TNCs continue to play a crucial role in the global economy and largely determine the development trends of international trade and investment processes. The future development of transnational corporations will be shaped by the level of digitalization, business sustainability practices, and the transformation of global value chains.
The article examines the transformation of the global architecture of international finance under the influence of geopolitical fragmentation and digitalization. The purpose of the work is to identify structural shifts in the dynamics of foreign direct investment and to assess the role of digital trade integration in the formation of international capital flows. The empirical base is made up of data on Foreign Direct Investment inflows and outflows for 1990–2024, as well as the Index of Digital Trade Integration and Openness. Descriptive analysis, correlation analysis based on Spearman's coefficient, regression analysis and econometric modeling with subsequent forecasting are used. The results indicate a significant increase in the role of developing countries in global investment flows, as well as a decrease in synchronization between the investment cycles of developed economies and countries of the Global South. A positive but moderate impact of digital trade integration on international investment flows has been established, which is more pronounced for outgoing capital flows. The results obtained confirm the formation of a fragmented and multipolar structure of global finance. The scientific novelty lies in the simultaneous analysis of the impact of geopolitical fragmentation and digitalization on international investment flows and the identification of asymmetric effects of digital integration.
N. Petrukha, Serhii Petrukha, V. Dereza et al.· Aposta: Revista de Ciencias...· 0 citations
International oil and gas trade has traditionally been founded upon the hegemony of the U.S. dollar and the petrodollar system over recent decades. This structural dependency has transformed Western-dominated financial networks into instruments of power projection and has given rise to a phenomenon referred to as weaponized interdependence. The consequence of this condition for independent economies and developing countries has been severe vulnerability to secondary financial sanctions, restrictions on access to international payment systems, and rising settlement costs. Given the existing research gap in presenting an integrated model that simultaneously examines macroeconomic dimensions, commercial applications, security risks, and legal requirements, the primary objective of this study is to analyze the role of disruptive financial technologies and emerging geo-economic alliances in transforming the architecture of energy trade and international settlement systems, with a focus on policy implications for Iran. In terms of purpose, this study is fundamental-applied research, and in terms of nature, it is descriptive-analytical with a qualitative approach. The findings indicate that the establishment of bilateral monetary agreements can substantially reduce transaction costs and enhance economic resilience under sanctions by eliminating intermediary currencies. On the other hand, the utilization of digital currencies, blockchain technology, and smart contracts provides a suitable platform for instantaneous, transparent, and restriction-resistant cross-border settlements. Nevertheless, this transition is accompanied by serious challenges, including legal ambiguities, money laundering risks, tax evasion, cyber threats, and high energy consumption. Ultimately, the study argues that the energy trade system is moving toward a multipolar, multi-currency, and technology-driven financial order, and that these emerging instruments constitute strategic levers for the reconfiguration of power in the global economy, the effective utilization of which requires an intelligent and balanced regulatory approach.
Javad Sarafraz· Journal of Historical Resear...· 0 citations
The relevance of this study is driven by the rapid growth of IT services in global trade and their transformation into a strategic resource for economic development amid digitalization, geopolitical instability, and deep transformations of global value and service chains. Despite the extensive body of literature addressing individual aspects of IT services development, there is a lack of comprehensive analysis of the international IT services market as an integrated system simultaneously changing in volume, geography, sectoral structure, and technological drivers. The purpose of the article is to identify key trends, dynamics, and structural changes in the international IT services market under current conditions of global transformations. The methodological basis of the study comprises a set of general scientific and specialized methods: statistical analysis, comparative analysis, structural analysis, graphical method, and generalization. The information base was formed using data from the World Bank, Trade Map, World Integrated Trade Solution, the World Trade Organization, and international analytical companies for 2020–2024, with forecast estimates through 2030. The study finds that global exports of information and communication services grew from USD 785.48 billion in 2020 to USD 1,260.00 billion in 2024, representing a 60.4% increase. The global IT services market expanded from USD 0.99 trillion to USD 1.47 trillion over the same period, with projections reaching USD 2.59 trillion by 2030. The geographic structure of ICT services exports is highly concentrated: in 2024, leading positions were held by Ireland (24.5%), India (14.4%), the United States (7.4%), China (5.3%), and the United Kingdom (4.9%). The sectoral structure of the market is shifting from traditional technical support towards complex integrated services, dominated by IT solutions development and implementation (30%) and IT systems management (26%). Key technological drivers identified include cloud computing, artificial intelligence, big data, cybersecurity, digital platforms, and business process automation. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the comprehensive integration of multiple levels of analysis of the international IT services market, enabling its examination as a unified system changing simultaneously in scale, structure, geography, and technological content. The practical value of the findings lies in their applicability by IT companies, public authorities, and investors for developing digital sector strategies and defining priorities in digital economy and IT services export policy.
O. Bulkot, Oleksandr Ye. Kuznetsov· Problemi Ekonomiki· 0 citations
— This study analyzes the successes and failures of the World Trade Organization (WTO) in promoting global trade and economic integration, focusing on its impact on developing countries and emerging economies. The central research question guiding this analysis is: To what extent has the WTO succeeded in promoting global trade and economic integration, and what are its main failures in addressing the needs of developing countries and emerging economies? The study evaluates key aspects of the WTO ’ s operations, including its role in reducing trade barriers, facilitating trade negotiations, and providing a framework for resolving desputes. It also examines the organization ’ s challenges, such as the stalled Doha Development Round and its limited ability to address modern trade issues, including digital commerce and environmental concerns. Findings reveal that the WTO has achieved considerable success in liberalizing global trade by reducing tariffs and integrating emerging economies, such as China and India, into the global economy. The WTO ’ s Dispute Settlement Mechanism (DSM) has also contributed to resolving trade conflicts and fostering stability in international trade relations. However, the study identifies significant failures, particularly in the WTO ’ s inability to address the needs of developing countries. In conclusion, while the WTO has made important contributions to promoting global trade and economic integration, its limitations in addressing the needs of developing countries and emerging economies remain substatial. The organization ’ s inability to adapt to the changing dynamics of global trade highlights the need for institutional reforms to ensure a more inclusive and sustainable world trade system.
Neema Nyambuli Witts· Journal of Advanced Manageme...· 6 citations· ⚡1
In recent years, the continuous and rapid development of technological innovations, and above all digital innovations, has been radically transforming established processes in global production of goods and services, as well as production and supply chains. This is leading to flexible yet unstable development at all levels of the global economy, changing the nature of relationships among economic actors at the micro-, macro-, and meso-levels, and affecting all spheres of citizens’ lives. In this context, global crises are becoming a permanent feature and require public administration and business management systems to promptly identify and control manifestations of such disruptions in the socioeconomic environment and to select scientifically sound and relevant tools to ensure governability toward the sustainable development of society. This article identifies and substantiates the hypothesis that timely identified and well-founded trends lay the foundation for rethinking the nature of ongoing processes and analyzing the strategic behavior of both economic entities and authorized government bodies. It is argued that the key factor influencing socio-economic processes today is the war in Ukraine, as its consequences affect various regions of the world, causing serious problems for the global economy, characterized by a slowdown in growth, rapid inflation, and recession. It has been established that artificial intelligence (AI) technologies will have a key impact; therefore, the effective use of AI should be aimed at remaining flexible, understanding market needs, and constantly adapting to technological progress. Furthermore, investments in artificial intelligence solutions will enable companies not only to optimize business operations and reduce costs but also to provide customers with the expected value and experience. A proposal has been substantiated regarding the need for broad involvement of the domestic scientific community, with mandatory collaboration with European partners within the framework of European integration programs, to analyze and forecast identified trends with the aim of making them systematic and scientifically sound. Key objectives of state economic policy have been developed and proposed as a response to the challenges posed by global development trends.
Keywords: global trends, economic development, state economic policy, threats and challenges.
S. Davymuka, N. Popadynets· Actual problems of innovativ...· 0 citations
Transformation of global economic relations presupposes reconsideration of approaches to assessment of foreign economic interaction of countries towards more flexible and soft formats, as, for example, partnership, including the Greater Eurasian partnership (GEP) initiated 2015 by the Russian President V. V. Putin. The goal of study is to conduct complex analysis of involvement of GEP countries into international trade and investment processes with use of econometric instruments in order to strengthen the interaction within GEP. The study is based on panel and paired data on 18 GEP countries for 2000–2024, presented in databases of international organizations (UNCTAD, World Bank, IMF, WTO, WIPO, UN Comtrade). The tools of a multilevel econometric model, including a gravity trading model, were used as the methodological basis of the study. An expanded gravity model of trade has been applied, taking into account economic size, distance, and institutional factors, and a multilevel econometric model analyzing the impact of trade, FDI, and technological readiness on the balance of payments for the period 2000–2024. The authors conclude that GEP has an integration potential, but it has a number of logistical and institutional barriers. Econometric calculations have confirmed that export concentration and import diversification are associated with increased integration, while logistical difficulties and limited trade agreements are associated with a slowdown. The development of GEP is facilitated by the activation of regional agreements.
E. Andreeva, P. Ilyasov· International Trade and Trad...· 0 citations