Phenolic diversity and antioxidant capacity of algerian fig (Ficus Carica L.) Fruits

Abstract

This study investigates the phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity of fruit extracts from four Algerian varieties of Ficus carica L., including figs and Breba figs (Bakor). Samples were collected from two bioclimatic regions: Lahmar (desert) and El Bordj (semi-arid). Methanolic, aqueous decoction, and infusion extracts were analyzed for total polyphenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and condensed tannins using spectrophotometric methods. Antioxidant capacity was evaluated through DPPH, FRAP, phospho-molybdenum, H₂O₂ scavenging, and β-carotene bleaching assays. Methanolic extracts, particularly from Lahmar, exhibited the highest polyphenol (10.4 ± 0.48 mg GAE/g) and flavonoid contents (1.69 ± 0.15 mg QE/g), with strong antioxidant activity (DPPH IC₅₀ = 1.91 mg/ml). HPLC revealed key phenolics including gallic acid, catechin, and rutin. Results indicate a positive correlation between phenolic content and antioxidant potential, influenced by origin and fruit type. These findings highlight the valorization potential of Algerian fig varieties as natural antioxidant sources. Bangladesh J. Bot. 55(3): 499-505, 2026 (September)