Aug 2026· ETERNAL (English Teaching Journal)· 0 citations· 19 references
Abstract
Translation plays a crucial role in transferring meaning across languages, particularly in literary works where linguistic and cultural elements require careful interpretation and adaptation. However, differences in linguistic structure and cultural context often create challenges in the transfer of meaning between source and target languages. This study aims to identify the translation methods applied at the sentence level in the English–Indonesian translation of Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix and to examine how these methods are used in transferring meaning from the source language to the target language. A qualitative descriptive approach was employed, with data consisting of five selected sentences analyzed using Newmark’s (1988) translation methods framework. The findings reveal that two translation methods are applied: literal translation and semantic translation. Semantic translation is the most frequently used method (60%), while literal translation appears in 40% of the data. The analysis shows that both methods contribute to meaning transfer, although they differ in their approach to conveying linguistic and contextual elements. This study contributes to translation studies by providing a focused sentence-level analysis and demonstrating how translators employ different translation methods according to contextual needs. The findings offer practical insights for literary translators and educators in English–Indonesian translation contexts.
Translation is the process of substituting text in the target language (TL) for text in the source language (SL). Catford 1965 said determining translation equivalency between two distinct linguistic systems is the main challenge intranslating. This research between Arabic-English translation that is actually has a big differents, aim to the distribution and percentage of pronouns containing in Surah Al-Kahfi, and investigates the translation ideology in the Arabic-English translation of Surah Al-Kahfi. The study using a descriptive qualitative method supported by quantitative analysis or Mixed Methode. The data consist of 532 pronouns identified from the Arabic text and its English translation.The pronouns are classified into personal pronouns, possessive pronouns, attached pronouns, and implicit pronouns. The pronouns are classified into shift type, tehniques type, ideology type and equivalence in translation. Shift type divided into unit shift, structural shift and split spit. Tehniques type divided into literal, transposition, amplification, reduction. Translation Ideology divided into foreignization and domestication, and Equivalence divided into formal and dynamic. The Findings release that Attached Pronoun and Implicit Pronoun are the majority found at the type of pronoun because AlQuran especially Surah Al Kahfi has the uniqe character. There are also Unit Shift has and Structural Shift are the most dominant categoriesat translation shift according to Catford 1965. Furthermore, Domestication appears slightlymore Dominant than foreignization due to Lawrence Venuti 1995 about translation ideology. At the end equivalenece shows that dynamic is more dominant than formal according to Eugene Nida1964. It is shown that reflecting the translator’s tendency to adapt Arabic grammatical structures to English linguistic norms while maintaining selected Qur’anic character.
This study aims to identify cultural terms in a bilingual book entitled Anthology of Indonesian Writing: Nandurin Karang Awak and also analyze the meaning equivalence between the source language and the target language. The object of this study focused on three parts of prose with different cultural backgrounds contained in the bilingual book. In the research method, this study used the qualitative method to explain the data descriptively. This study used translation theory about cultural categories to identify the types of cultural terms found in the bilingual book either in the form of words or phrases while for the equivalence of meaning, it used equivalence theory. Seen from the identification results, 19 data related to cultural categories were found with the ecological category, and gesture and habits were found only one data while the material culture category dominated with 9 data and social culture with 5 data while organization ideas, custom found 3 data related to activities, politics, and procedures. In the analysis of meaning equivalence, mostly full equivalent was found in 15 data, and at the level of partial, and each different equivalent found in one data. However, two data were found as non-equivalent.
Keywords: Translation, Cultural terms, Equivalence, Prose
Imada Aulia Syafitri, Gusti Agung, I. Aryani et al.· Apollo Project: Jurnal Ilmia...· 0 citations
This pilot study examines how the English adverb actually is rendered in Slovak translation, drawing on a corpus of literary texts and their translations. As a multifunctional item, actually performs a range of syntactic and pragmatic functions in context, most notably those of emphasizer and disjunct. The analysis draws on three Slovak translations of works by the same English-speaking author. Although each translator worked on a different set of books, the corpus still makes it possible to compare translation strategies within a relatively consistent authorial style and to observe how individual translators deal with the same multifunctional source item. The study combines qualitative functional analysis with quantitative observations in order to identify recurrent Slovak renderings of actually, including lexical substitution, structural reformulation, attenuation, and omission. The findings suggest that translation difficulty arises not from the lack of Slovak expressive resources, but from differences between English and Slovak in the grammatical encoding of discourse-related meaning. In particular, functions expressed in English through sentence adverbials do not always correspond to a single formal category in Slovak, which increases the likelihood of functional shift or translation loss. The study contributes to translation studies and contrastive linguistics by showing how the pragmatic contribution of a frequent multifunctional item may be preserved, reinterpreted, weakened, or omitted in translation, and how these outcomes vary across translators.
Zuzana Knižková· Studies About Languages· 0 citations
This study examines word choice problems in literary translations from German into Azerbaijani Turkish in terms of translation theory, cultural transfer, and stylistic structure. A qualitative research method was employed in the study; historical sources, translation theories, and literary works translated from German into Azerbaijani Turkish were analyzed through a comparative textual analysis method. Within the scope of the research, the semantic, aesthetic, and stylistic problems caused by synonyms, antonyms, homonyms, and polysemous words during the translation process were discussed, and the necessity for translators to develop context-appropriate equivalence strategies was demonstrated through examples from the works of writers such as Goethe, Remarque, and Zweig. The findings reveal that success in literary translation depends not only on transferring the literal meanings of words, but also on reconstructing the emotional atmosphere, cultural connotations, and aesthetic structure of the text in the target language. The study emphasizes the importance of contextual and cultural analysis in literary translations between German and Azerbaijani Turkish.
N. I. Huseynova· Baltic Journal of Legal and...· 0 citations
Recent research in translation studies has emphasised the function of the text as the
focus of translation analysis. The implication of this for legal translation is that the
expected effects of the target text determine the strategies adopted in the translation
process. Given that legal terminology presents various levels of challenges to
translators, it would be advantageous for legal translation analysis to adopt a more
specific approach, and for translator training to incorporate more specialised
knowledge. It is within this context that this study sought to investigate the
terminological challenges of legal translation and provide a platform to further
investigate the implications for legal translation and social justice in general,
particularly in a country such as South Africa where the field of legal translation is
‘under-researched’ and ‘has received little, if any, attention in translation theory and at
tertiary institutions’ (Cornelius 2011: 123). The study draws from the Descriptive
Translation Studies’ (DTS) sub-branches, namely, the process-oriented approach,
product-oriented approach and function-oriented approach. This is because of the
relations that exist between these approaches in translation. In this regard, Toury
(1995) argues that there is no point in conducting a product-oriented study if questions
relating to the determining force of its intended function, and to the choices made by
the translator governed by the norms of establishing a product, are not considered. In
advancing his argument, Toury contends that it is the function of the translation
through its linguistic make-up and/or relationships that connect it to the original, which
yield and govern the strategies which are adopted during the production of the
translation that would result in a translation process as a whole. The study adopted a
qualitative case study design approach to gain a deeper understanding of the
translation decisions made by translators within a particular context, in light of the
translation challenges that they encounter when translating legal texts. The study used
a thematic analysis method to analyse translation styles employed by translators in
the translation of eThekwini Municipality By-Laws. The translation styles were
identified and exemplified in the framework of three broad categories: legal terms -
technical terms, polysemous words and word strings/legal synonyms; linguistic terms - modal verbs, archaic adverbs, collocations, ambiguous/vague words, long sentences
and passive voice, and culture-specific terms/expressions. Norms were also identified that are at play during the translation act. Data was accessed from the eThekwini
Municipality website. It consisted of eight pieces of legislation in English and their
translations. The findings of the study reveal that the main challenges encountered by
the translators of the selected legal texts were both linguistic and socio-cultural in
nature. As a result, the translators adopt various translation styles such as borrowing,
adaptation, naturalisation, paraphrasing, and functional equivalents to render the
source texts in the target language. These styles produced translations are generally
acceptable in the isiZulu language and culture, even though a few of the translations
led to meaning shifts in the target language. The norms that were operational during
the translation process shaped translators’ decision-making with respect to the
translation styles they adopted in the translation. This is consistent with Toury’s (1995)
assertion that norms determine the translation strategies that a translator adopts. In
other words, they serve as a guide in the translation process regarding strategies
used.
The article examines the peculiarities of translating English psychological terminology into Ukrainian and identifies the most effective translation methods used to ensure semantic accuracy and communicative adequacy. The relevance of the study is determined by the growing popularity of psychological literature and the need for a consistent rendering of specialized terminology in Ukrainian. The research aims to analyze the main translation techniques applied to English psychological terms and to determine their frequency and effectiveness. The corpus of the study comprised 128 terms selected from English-language professional psychology texts and their Ukrainian translations. The findings indicate that the most frequently employed techniques are variant equivalent selection (33%), calque translation (25%), and dictionary equivalents (21%). Less common methods include concretization, generalization, contextual substitution, semantic development, descriptive translation, part-of-speech substitution, and transcoding. The study demonstrates that the choice of translation method depends on a term's semantic characteristics, its degree of standardization in the target language, and its use context.
N. Tymoshchuk, U. Shostak· Scientific Journal of Poloni...· 0 citations