Grid-Connected Solar PV Optimization for Lighting Systems: A Case Study at a Tropical Campus Building in Indonesia

Abstract

In an effort to reduce dependence on fossil fuels and increase the use of renewable energy, this study examines the optimization of lighting for the Dean's Building at the Faculty of Engineering, Makassar State University (UNM) using solar panels as the primary energy source. This study includes calculating energy needs, designing an on-grid solar panel system, and analyzing the efficiency and effectiveness of its implementation. Based on observational data, the building's total electricity load reached 2,543 kW with an estimated daily usage of 11.25 kWh. Using the HOMER simulation, an optimal design for a solar power system with a capacity of 6.18 kW was obtained. This system consists of 20 units of Canadian PV modules, two BAE PVS batteries with a capacity of 1.4 kWh, and a SolaX X3 inverter with a capacity of 5 kW. Simulation results indicate that this system can meet lighting demands efficiently, producing 10,749 kWh annually with a PV capacity factor of 19.9%, while reducing operational costs by over IDR 3 million annually and contributing to carbon emission reduction. The implementation of this system also demonstrated a reduction in operational costs and a significant contribution to the reduction of carbon emissions, making it an efficient and sustainable solution for lighting academic buildings.