Aug 2026· Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics· Vol 16, pp. 107-114· 0 citations· 10 references
TL;DR
The present study revealed that the hypertension patients have poor quality of life and it is very important to improve their quality of life so that the patients can enjoy their day-to-day life.
Abstract
Background: Hypertension is when the pressure in blood pressure vessels is too high. The heart has to work harder to pump blood. Hypertension also known as silent killer. There are 2 types of hypertensions each has a different cause. It causes complications such as heart attack or stroke heart failure, kidney problems, metabolic syndrome, etc. The risk of hypertension increases with age. Smoking and alcohol consumption also raises blood pressure.
Objective: The present investigation to observe and compare cardiovascular drug chlorthalidone versus hydrochlorothiazide the first line drug therapy of hypertension.
Methodologies: - The present observational study was conducted on 133 hypertension patients. This study was evaluated for the comparative study of two prescribed drugs that is, hydrochlorothiazide and chlorthalidone on hypertension patient the data was collected using suitable design data collection form. Patients having comorbidities conditions were excluded.
Results: Among 133 patients, 26% of total study population were females and 74% of total population were males. Majority of the patients were in the age group of 45-54 years accounting 33.83% of total study population and total 24.06% were alcoholic and chronic smoker. In this study we were included the patient on drug therapy of hydrochlorothiazide and chlorthalidone in which 61% were prescribed for hydrochlorothiazide treatment and 39% to a prescribed for chlorthalidone treatment and as per the data collected chlorthalidone lasts longer in the body than hydrochlorothiazide and it lasts up to 36 hours in the body. Chlorthalidone is 1 to 2 times as potent as hydrochlorothiazide but the quality of life of hydrochlorothiazide is better than chlorthalidone accounting with 61%
Conclusion: The present study revealed that the hypertension patients have poor quality of life and it is very important to improve their quality of life so that the patients can enjoy their day-to-day life. Experts prefer chlorthalidone and hydrochlorothiazide both works well but hydrochlorothiazide prescribe more often.
Keywords: Hypertension, blood pressure, chlorthalidone and hydrochlorothiazide
Background: Hypertension is a major global health challenge and an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) are commonly used first-line antihypertensive agents. This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of telmisartan and ramipril in patients with hypertension at a tertiary care hospital.
Methods: This prospective observational study included 113 adult patients with hypertension who received either telmisartan (n=56) or ramipril (n=57). Pre- and post-treatment systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were assessed. Efficacy was evaluated by achievement of target blood pressure, while safety was assessed based on adverse drug reactions. Statistical analysis was performed using the chi-square test.
Results: Both treatments significantly reduced SBP and DBP. Post-treatment SBP shifted mainly to 120-140 mmHg, while DBP improved to 76-85 mmHg. Target blood pressure was achieved more frequently with telmisartan (96.4%) than ramipril (80.7%) (χ2=6.862, p<0.05). Telmisartan was also associated with fewer cases of cough and greater improvement in symptoms such as headache and fatigue.
Conclusions: Both telmisartan and ramipril effectively reduced blood pressure. However, telmisartan was more effective in achieving target blood pressure and showed better tolerability with fewer adverse effects, suggesting it may be a preferable option, particularly for patients intolerant to ACE inhibitors.
Wajid Gulzar, Mudasir Manzoor Dar, Amritpal Singh et al.· International Journal of Res...· 0 citations
Hypertension is a non-communicable disease and a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Polypharmacy, defined as the concurrent use of multiple medications, is commonly observed in hypertensive patients, particularly those with comorbidities. Although polypharmacy may improve therapeutic outcomes, it also increases the risk of drug interactions, adverse drug reactions, and poor medication adherence, which may affect blood pressure control. This study aimed to describe the pattern of polypharmacy and evaluate its association with blood pressure target achievement among hypertensive patients. An analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted using retrospective data collected from the medical records of 75 eligible hypertensive patients. The association between polypharmacy and blood pressure target achievement was analyzed using Spearman's Rank correlation test with a 95% confidence level. The results showed that the most frequently prescribed antihypertensive regimen was a two-drug combination (25%), while the most commonly used antihypertensive class was the Angiotensin Receptor Blocker (ARB), particularly candesartan. Most patients experienced mild polypharmacy (<5 medications) (64%), followed by severe polypharmacy (>5 medications) (21.3%), whereas 14.7% did not experience polypharmacy. Only 36% of patients achieved the target blood pressure, while 64% failed to reach the target. Spearman's Rank analysis demonstrated no significant association between polypharmacy and blood pressure target achievement (p = 0.135; r = -0.174). Although no significant relationship was identified, regular evaluation of polypharmacy remains essential to minimize drug interactions and optimize therapeutic outcomes in hypertensive patients.
Background: Hypertension is a major global health concern contributing significantly to cardiovascular
morbidity and mortality. Despite the availability of effective therapies, blood pressure control remains suboptimal
in India, highlighting the need to evaluate prescribing practices.
Aim: To assess the drug utilization pattern, prescribing trends, and safety of antihypertensive medications in
patients with hypertension.
Methodology: A prospective observational study was conducted over 8 months in Department of Pharmacology,
Shree Narayan Medical institute and Hospital, Saharsa, Bihar, India, including 90 hypertensive patients. Data
were collected using structured forms and analyzed using WHO drug utilization indicators, ATC/DDD
methodology, and DU 90% analysis. Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) were monitored at 2nd and 8th weeks.
Results: The mean age was 64.2±11.35 years, with slight male predominance. Polypharmacy was observed (5.2
drugs/encounter). Most drugs were prescribed from the essential drug list (91%) and by generic name (88.5%).
Amlodipine (68.89%) and telmisartan (38.89%) were the most commonly used drugs. Amlodipine contributed the
highest DDD (46%). ADRs were few, mostly mild, and decreased over time, with no severe reactions reported.
Conclusion: Prescribing practices were largely rational with good adherence to guidelines. However,
improvement in patient education and optimization of therapy is needed.
Sachida Nand Sachit, Kumar Devashish· International Journal of Pha...· 0 citations
Objective
: to determine the effect of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockers in combination therapy with calcium channel blocker on the dynamics of systemic inflammatory biomarkers in patients with hypertension.
Materials and
м
ethods
: the study included 105 patients aged 18 to 60 years with stage I-II hypertension and ineffective blood pressure control (office blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mmHg). Patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1 received perindopril at an average dose of 5.94 ± 2.14 mg and amlodipine 6.07 ± 2.11 mg; group 2 received telmisartan 52.89 ± 19.6 mg and amlodipine 5.89 ± 1.93 mg in comparable doses (p = 0.075 for perindopril and telmisartan, p = 0.645 for amlodipine).
A clinical examination was performed at baseline and one year after taking the prescribed antihypertensive therapy; a complete blood count was performed with the calculation of hematological indices: systemic immune inflammation index; systemic inflammatory response index; neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio; platelet to lymphocyte ratio; lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio; monocyte-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio; lipidogram; determination of the concentration of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, cystatin C, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, tumor necrosis factor-α, angiotensin II, and angiotensin-converting enzyme-2.
Results
: in a comparative prospective analysis, office systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels significantly decreased in patients of both groups during antihypertensive therapy: in group 1 from 145.85 ± 19.54/93.13 ± 12.36 to 133.13 ± 12.36/83.87 ± 9.11 mmHg (p < 0.001), in the 2nd – from 146.10 ± 11.75/93.90 ± 9.77 to 128.44 ± 22.18/84.00 ± 9.29 mm Hg (p < 0.001).
In patients of group 1, there was a decrease in the blood content of interleukin-1β from 3.04 (1.84; 5.11) to 1.58 (0.88; 2.72) pg/ml (p = 0.003), interleukin-8 from 4.88 (4.27; 7.05) to 4.11 (2.53; 5.64) pg/ml (p = 0.007), cystatin C from 1.04 (0.93; 1.15) to 0.98 (0.87; 1.09) mg/ml (p < 0.001) and angiotensin II from 142974 (78048; 186608) to 101940 (54954; 153292) ng/ml (p = 0.016). In patients of group 2, there was a decrease in the level of interleukin-8 from 5.31 (3.88; 6.58) to 3.57 (2.42; 5.23) pg/ml (p < 0.001) and cystatin C from 1.03 (0.91; 1.12) to 0.95 (0.87; 1.06) mg/ml (p = 0.002).
Conclusions
: in patients with hypertension, combined treatment with perindopril and amlodipine showed a decrease in the concentrations of interleukin-1β, interleukin-8, cystatin C, and angiotensin II over the course of a year. Patients taking telmisartan with amlodipine showed a decrease in interleukin-8 and cystatin C levels.
N. Yasiukaits, O. S. Pavlova, T. Denisevich et al.· Emergency Cardiology and Car...· 0 citations
Background: Resistant hypertension is a major clinical challenge, and it is linked to a high cardiovascular risk.
Although there is a guideline-based therapy, not all patients can reach the maximum levels of blood pressure
control, which is often explained by metabolic, lifestyle, or adherence-related factors.
Objective: To establish the prevalence and risk factors of resistant hypertension in patients visiting the General
Medicine OPD of a tertiary care hospital.
Methodology: The study was a cross-sectional observation based on 180 hypertensive adults in a hospital. The
structured proforma was used to record demographic information, lifestyle, comorbidities, treatment, and
medication compliance. Standardized methods were used in measuring blood pressure, resistant hypertension was
defined as the uncontrolled BP in the presence of 3 or more antihypertensive drugs, including a diuretic. The
statistical analysis was done using SPSS.
Findings: Resistant hypertension was common (17.8% or 32/180). The prevalence rates of diabetes mellitus
(71.9%), obesity (68.8%), disordered sleep (53.1%), dyslipidemia (56.2%), and non-adherence to therapy (43.8%)
were much higher in the resistant cases than in non-resistant patients. There were slight differences in smoking
and drinking alcohol.
Conclusion: Resistant hypertension is a serious condition that impacts close to a fifth of patients with
hypertension and it is closely linked with metabolic abnormality, sleeping disorders, and poor adherence to
medication. To enhance the BP regulation and prevent complications, early diagnosis and specific actions are
required.
Nilashish Dey· International Journal of Pha...· 0 citations
Background: Hypertension is a leading modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, with a disproportionate burden in low- and middle-income countries, including Nigeria. Questions remain regarding real-world prescribing patterns, blood pressure responses, and follow-up control rates among patients receiving combination antihypertensive therapy in Nigerian private clinical settings.
Aim: To evaluate antihypertensive prescribing patterns, blood pressure changes, control rates, and documented treatment-related adverse events among patients with hypertension managed at a private multispecialist hospital in Lagos, Nigeria.
Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted among 563 adults with hypertension who had baseline and second-visit blood pressure measurements; 286 also had third-visit measurements. Demographic characteristics, comorbidities, treatment regimens, and blood pressure outcomes were analysed. Paired-samples t-tests were used to compare mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures across visits, while independent-samples t-tests and chi-square tests were used to compare patients who completed and did not complete follow-up. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: The cohort had a mean age of 60.23 ± 14.12 years and was predominantly male (57.73%). Significant reductions in systolic blood pressure were observed, with mean decreases of 21.09 mmHg and 28.53 mmHg at the second and third visits, respectively (p < 0.001). Among patients with available follow-up blood pressure measurements, mean systolic blood pressure decreased significantly from baseline to the second visit and from baseline to the third visit. Blood pressure control was achieved in 219/563 patients at the second visit and 172/286 patients at the third visit.
Conclusion: Antihypertensive therapy, particularly commonly used combination regimens, was associated with significant reductions in blood pressure and improved control rates across follow-up visits in this private Nigerian clinical setting. Prospective studies are needed to confirm the effectiveness, adherence benefits, and safety of fixed-dose combination therapy in broader Nigerian populations.
Tosin Majekodunmi, Moses C. Nnamdi, E. Ezeh et al.· Journal of Advances in Medic...· 0 citations
