Environmental and Institutional Factors and Students’ Acceptance of Google Classroom in Higher Education: Evidence from Obafemi Awolowo University

Abstract

The main aim of this study was to investigate the factors contributing to the acceptance and retention of Google Classroom as a digital learning platform among students in Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. The Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) was used as the theoretical lens to examine the facilitation condition, performance expectancy and behavioural intention of students' interaction with Google Classroom. The descriptive survey research design was used and data were obtained from 400 respondents from selected faculties of undergraduate students through a structured questionnaire. Descriptive data analysis techniques such as frequency count and percentage were used to analyze the data, Findings show that most respondents reported that they found it easy to access Google accounts and experienced positive outcomes from collaborative learning and instructional delivery. That most students found Google Classroom to be effective in communication, content delivery, feedback, and learning flexibility, but social, economic, and environmental constraints, like high data costs, unstable electricity supply, and poor support for practical learning were reported as challenges that impacted optimal use of Google. Also, it’s influence on the perception of academic achievement and teaching quality was not so pronounced, though. Results also revealed high intentions to continue use and to recommend the platform despite moderate preference levels when compared to other learning systems, by most students. The findings of the study suggest that Google Classroom is a suitable tool to use for learning, but the success of the use is highly dependent on the technological infrastructure and teaching practices. It suggests the upgrading of digital infrastructure, the strengthening of lecturer training and support from the institution to maximize the positive effects of Google Classroom in higher education institutions.