Spatiotemporal distribution and clinical manifestations of moyamoya disease in Jiangxi Province, China: a retrospective hospital-based study

Abstract

Abstract Introduction Moyamoya disease (MMD) has been reported to be continuously increasing in China, with Jiangxi Province having the highest incidence nationwide. However, limited by data sources, national survey results have difficulty accurately reflecting the true incidence of MMD, indicating that detailed epidemiological data for this highest incidence province remain unavailable. Methods We extracted medical records of MMD patients from 210 secondary and tertiary hospitals in Jiangxi Province from 2015 to July 2022. Spatiotemporal analysis was adopted to explore the spatial and temporal patterns and hospital burden of MMD in different counties and municipalities of Jiangxi Province. Results A total of 18 693 hospitalisation records were included in this study, of which 11 140 were new-onset patients. The average annual incidence during 2015–2022 was 3.36 per 100 000 residents, with an average annual prevalence of 5.65 per 100 000 residents. The incidence exhibited a clustered regional distribution pattern (Moran’s I=0.51, Z-score=8.14, p<0.001). The peak incidence and prevalence occurred in adults aged 51–55 years. Common comorbidities included hypertension (36.4%), diabetes (11.1%) and hyperlipidaemia (6.2%). The mean annual hospitalisation cost was approximately CNY 29,409, with basic medical insurance covering about 67% of payment methods. Conclusions This study is the first to comprehensively characterise the epidemiological characteristics and hospital burden of MMD in the highest incidence province of China. Our findings contribute to the development of effective public health policies, may provide novel insights into the aetiology of MMD and reduce the burden of MMD.