Study of Lipid Profile, Atherogenic Index and Insulin Resistance in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Abstract
Introduction:Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a major metabolic disorder associated with dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and increasedcardiovascular risk. Alterations in lipid metabolism contribute significantly to the progression of atherosclerosis. Aims: To evaluate lipid profiles, atherogenic indices, and insulin resistance in patients with Type 2 diabetes and compare them with non-diabetic controls. Methods: A hospital based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted among 120 type 2 diabetes patients and 120 age-matched controls. Fasting glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, and lipid parameters were measured. Atherogenic indices including Cardiac Risk Ratio, Atherogenic Coefficient, and Atherogenic Index of Plasma were calculated. Insulin resistance was assessed using the Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance. Results: Type 2 diabetes patients exhibited significantly higher triglycerides, total cholesterol, Low density lipoprotein, and atherogenic indices, while High density lipoprotein was reduced compared to controls. Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance values were markedly elevated in diabetics compared to control. (4.82 ± 1.56 vs. 2.12 ± 0.84, p < 0.001). Correlation analysis revealed strong positive associations between Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance and triglycerides, low density lipoprotein, cardiac risk ratio, Atherogenic Coefficient, and Atherogenic Index of Plasma, with Atherogenic Index of Plasma showing the strongest correlation (r = 0.612, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Patients with type 2 diabetes demonstrate significant dyslipidemia, elevated atherogenic indices, and increased insulin resistance. Atherogenic index of plasma emerged as a reliable marker of cardiovascular risk, highlighting the importance of routine evaluation of lipid profiles and atherogenic indices for early detection and prevention of cardiovascular complications in type 2 diabetes.