THE EFFECTS OF CAPITAL ADEQUACY, LOAN-TO-DEPOSIT, AND NON-PERFORMING LOAN RATIOS ON RETURN ON ASSETS: EVIDENCE FROM INDONESIAN STATE-OWNED BANKS, 2020–2025

Abstract

This study aims to examine the effect of Capital Adequacy Ratio, Loan to Deposit Ratio and Non- Performing Loan on Financial Performance of State Owned Commercial Banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2020–2025. The sample consists of 4 State-Owned Commercial Banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. This study employs a quantitative associative method with panel data, Data analysis techniques include descriptive statistical tests, analysed through multiple linear regression, t-test, F-test, and coefficient of determination. The multiple linear regression analysis yields the equation Y = -5.706484 + 0.002154X1 + 0.000330X2 + 0.000174X3. Partially, Capital Adequacy Ratio has a significant effect on financial performance with t-sig. 0.0058 < 0.05. Loan to Deposit Ratio also has a significant effect on financial performance with t-sig. 0.0322 < 0.05. Conversely, Non-Performing Loan does not have a significant effect with t-sig. 0.9989 > 0.05. However, simultaneously, Capital Adequacy Ratio, Loan to Deposit Ratio, and Non-Performing Loan have a significant effect on financial performance with an F-sig. value of 0.000011 < 0.05. The coefficient of determination of 76.86% indicates that the independent variables are able to explain the variation in financial performance, while the remaining 23.14% is influenced by other factors outside this research model.