GREEN INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL AND SUSTAINABLE PERFORMANCE: SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

Growing demands for sustainable business practices are driving organizations to develop strategic capabilities that strike a balance among economic, social, and environmental aspects. One capability gaining increasing attention is Green Intellectual Capital (GIC), which plays a role in integrating environmentally oriented knowledge, competencies, and organizational systems to enhance sustainable performance. This study aims to analyze the evolution of literature regarding the relationship between Green Intellectual Capital and sustainable performance using a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework. The review reveals that GIC is a strategic asset contributing to sustainable performance both directly and through various mechanisms such as green innovation, green supply chain management, green human resource management, green entrepreneurial orientation, and environmental awareness. These findings indicate that GIC functions as a green strategic capability capable of transforming environmental knowledge into innovation and sustainable business practices. However, the effectiveness of GIC is influenced by contextual factors, such as environmental uncertainty and industry characteristics. This study contributes to the field by mapping the mechanisms underlying the relationship between GIC and sustainable performance and by identifying opportunities for future research across various industrial sectors.