Intelligent Transportation Systems Using Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) Communication

Abstract

Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) have become a transformative solution to address the emerging challenges such as traffic congestion, road accidents, environmental pollution and inefficient mobility management in urban transportation. The Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication has greatly improved the potential of ITS by allowing for the seamless and real-time exchange of information between vehicles, road-side infrastructure, pedestrians, cloud platforms and communication networks. V2X communication is defined as Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V), Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I), Vehicle-to-Pedestrian (V2P), Vehicle-to-Network (V2N) and Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) communication, all of which will result in an intelligent transportation ecosystem that will support autonomous driving, cooperative traffic management and smart mobility services. The fifth-generation (5G) and emerging sixth-generation (6G) wireless communication technologies, along with Artificial Intelligence (AI), Edge Computing, IoT and Cloud Computing, have driven the deployment of very reliable, low latency V2X-enabled transportation systems even further. This paper provides a thorough review of current Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) technologies, highlights research gaps and introduces an artificial intelligence (AI) based communication framework to enhance transportation systems and road safety. The proposed framework brings in intelligent decision-making algorithms and edge-enabled V2X communication to enable dynamic traffic control, accident prevention, route optimization, and emergency response coordination. The study also covers communication protocols, system architecture, performance metrics, and challenges in implementing V2X. The results show that intelligent V2X communication greatly contributes to traffic efficiency, communication latency, and driving safety, as well as sustainable smart city transportation infrastructures.