Multi-Agent Autonomous Control Framework for Intelligent Transportation Infrastructure

Abstract

Rapid urbanization and increasing traffic demand require intelligent transportation systems that can adapt in real time. Traditional centralized traffic management is limited in handling dynamic traffic conditions, leading to congestion, delays, higher fuel consumption, and reduced road safety. This study proposes a Multi-Agent Autonomous Control Framework that integrates Multi-Agent Systems (MAS), Artificial Intelligence (AI), Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL), Graph Neural Networks (GNN), Internet of Things (IoT), Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication, and edge-cloud computing. The framework enables traffic signals, vehicles, roadside units, and other transportation entities to operate as autonomous, cooperative agents that exchange real-time information and make distributed decisions. By analyzing traffic, environmental, and infrastructure data, the proposed architecture dynamically optimizes signal control, routing, and emergency response. Simulation results demonstrate improvements in traffic flow, congestion reduction, travel time, fuel efficiency, road safety, scalability, and system resilience. The framework provides a scalable and intelligent foundation for future smart cities, connected autonomous transportation, and sustainable urban mobility.