FUNCTION OF THYROID GLAND HORMONES, METABOLIC DISORDERS, OVERWEIGHT, OBESITY AND BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS
TL;DR
It is expected that patients with thyroid dysfunction will show increased TSH levels, disturbances in lipid profile, and elevated glucose levels, accompanied by increased BMI and a higher prevalence of overweight and obesity.
Abstract
Introduction: The thyroid gland represents a central component of the endocrine system, which through its hormones triiodothyronine (FT3) and thyroxine (FT4), regulated by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), plays a key role in the control of basal metabolism and energy homeostasis. Thyroid function disorders are associated with significant neuro-endocrino-metabolic changes, affecting carbohydrate and lipid metabolism as well as the body’s energy balance. At the biochemical level, these disorders are reflected in dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and alterations in metabolic parameters, which contribute to the development of overweight and obesity. Furthermore, there is a complex interaction between thyroid hormones and body mass index (BMI), where thyroid dysfunction may influence fat tissue accumulation and changes in metabolic profile. In this context, biochemical and hormonal biomarkers represent important indicators for the early assessment of metabolic disorders and for monitoring patients’ physiological status. Aim: This study aims to evaluate the relationship between thyroid gland function, biochemical parameters, and the development of overweight and obesity in the population. Materials and methods: The study included 200 patients and 30 control individuals, divided according to age groups (18–30, 31–50, and 51–70 years) and gender. Anamnestic data were collected and BMI was measured. Venous blood samples were analyzed for glucose, lipid profile (total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL), as well as thyroid hormones (TSH, FT3, FT4, ATPO, ATG). Analyses were performed using enzymatic, spectrophotometric, and immunofluorescence methods (ELFA – VIDAS). Results: It is expected that patients with thyroid dysfunction will show increased TSH levels, disturbances in lipid profile, and elevated glucose levels, accompanied by increased BMI and a higher prevalence of overweight and obesity. Conclusion: Biochemical and hormonal parameters represent important diagnostic tools for the identification and monitoring of metabolic disorders associated with thyroid dysfunction.