A Novel Non-Invasive Technique for Assessing Blood Glucose Concentrations

Abstract

In the present circumstances, it is exceedingly hard for people to monitor their blood sugar levels on a regular basis. Checking the blood glucose levels of diabetic individuals is often an essential part of managing diabetes. Now, this means repeatedly pricking your finger and bleeding. Non-invasive (NI) detection methods are anticipated to have several benefits, including the elimination of discomfort, avoidance of sharp items and biohazardous chemicals, the possibility of more frequent testing, and, therefore, better regulation of glucose levels. Infrared technology has become one of the most important technologies for the development of the NI self-monitoring of blood glucose (NI-SMBG). One good thing about this approach is that it does not need any chemicals and can employ fiber optic parts. So, only insulators come into direct contact with the skin. Also, the spectrometer may be made without any moving parts, which makes it strong. For this method to be effective, the spectral signature of glucose must be uniquely identifiable from all other chemical constituents in the human body, and this glucose-specific data must be obtained with a sufficiently high signal-to-noise ratio to facilitate reliable differentiation between glucose-dependent signals and those generated by other matrix components. In this paper, we have addressed the issue of infrared signature analysis for blood glucose, which has been done in the infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum. Firstly, the analysis is carried out for the glucose molecule only. Later, looking at the presence of numerous other analyses in whole blood, tissues, skin, etc., for in vivo measurement of blood glucose, a set of wavelengths is identified on which in vivo measurements can be done with minimal interference from other body fluid analyses. Absorption of spectroscopic information collected on these wavelengths, along with a suitable calibration model, can be a step ahead for in vivo NI glucose measurement. The main innovative features of the present study are non-invasive glucose sensing, Patient-friendly and continuous monitoring opportunity, Progress towards wearable and real-time diagnostics, Clinical and Social Relevance and Contribution to Research. The paper investigates a non-invasive infrared-based methodology for glucose estimation, focusing on the spectral response characteristics of glucose in biological tissue. While the complexity of tissue spectroscopy involves potential interference from other biomolecules, the present work emphasizes the feasibility of glucose detection without invasive blood extraction, rather than conducting a dedicated interference-analysis study.