IoT-Based Automatic Environmental Monitoring and Network Device Electrical Protection System in a Server Room

Abstract

The server room at the Class I Climatology Station of East Java requires reliable monitoring of temperature, humidity, flame detection, and electrical voltage; however, monitoring is still conducted manually without automatic electrical protection. This study aims to design and implement an Internet of Things (IoT)-based environmental condition monitoring and automatic electrical protection system using an ESP32 integrated with BME280, KY-026, and ZMPT101B sensors. The system applies a two-level threshold structure—warning and critical—to trigger notifications as well as automatic power disconnection via relays. The research methodology includes system design, sensor calibration of the BME280 and ZMPT101B using a comparative method, functional testing of the KY-026, and a 14-day field test. The test results demonstrated a temperature correction of -0.21 °C, a humidity correction of -0.80% RH, and an average voltage error of 1.05%. The system recorded two warning-status readings for humidity without reaching critical conditions and successfully transmitted and stored 114,903 data points during the testing period. The reading interval was designed to be 5 seconds, whereas the actual transmission interval was influenced by network conditions. The results indicate that the system can effectively support environmental monitoring and automatic electrical protection for server rooms.