Design and Development of a Web-Based Electrical Disturbance Monitoring and Warning System

Abstract

The reliability of electrical systems plays a crucial role in ensuring the continuous operation of equipment and preventing potential damage and fires caused by electrical faults. This study aims to design and implement a web-based electrical fault monitoring and warning system using the Internet of Things (IoT) concept. The system was developed using an ESP32 microcontroller integrated with a PZEM-004T sensor, a DHT22 sensor, and an MQ-2 sensor. The measurement data is processed in real time, stored on an SD card and in a local database, and then displayed via a web interface in numerical and graphical formats. Test results showed an average error of 0.52% for voltage and 0.92% for current in the PZEM-004T sensor; calibration of the DHT22 yielded a correction of 0.074°C; and the MQ-2 sensor set the smoke detection threshold at 40 PPM. The system successfully detected abnormal voltage conditions, overcurrent or undercurrent, high temperatures, and the presence of smoke, and automatically activated the relay to cut off the power supply. The designed system successfully improved installation safety and reduced the risk of equipment damage and fire. .