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Enhanced flexural performance and toughness of nano cellulose reinforced geopolymer concrete: experimental and ANSYS insights

2026 · Matéria · Vol 31 · 0 citations · 44 references

Abstract

ABSTRACT This study investigates the flexural behavior of normal concrete (CC) and geopolymer concrete (GPC) incorporating industrial by-products and nano-reinforcements. Two GPC mixes were tested: GC1 (22% fly ash + 72% GGBS + 6% biochar + 0.4% nano cellulose fibers, hot curing) and GC2 (same composition with 0.6% nano cellulose fibers, ambient curing). Experimental static load tests evaluated load–deflection response, ductility, and energy absorption, while ANSYS FEA simulations validated the results. Results demonstrate that GPC beams exhibit higher stiffness, ductility, and energy absorption than CC, with GC1 achieving the maximum energy absorption (1,222 kN·mm) and ductility improvement. The enhanced performance arises from the synergistic effects of fly ash, GGBS, biochar, and nano cellulose fibers, which promote internal curing, matrix densification, and crack bridging. FEA predictions closely matched experiments (<2% error), confirming the reliability of computational modeling. Overall, GPC provides a durable, high-performance, and sustainable alternative to OPC concrete, suitable for flexural members in structural and infrastructure applications demanding enhanced toughness and resilience.

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