Evolutionary transformation and ontology of logistics systems in the context of national economic development

Abstract

The article provides a theoretical and methodological generalization of the ontological foundations and chronological evolution of scientific thought on the formation and functioning of logistics systems within the national economy. Causal relationships and the systemic-evolutionary trajectory of logistics transformation – from performing fragmented operational-transportation and warehousing functions to building complex digital networks and macroeconomic ecosystems – are examined. The study systematizes and periodizes key stages in the development of logistics instruments amid modern digitalization, institutional transformations, and structural shifts in the macro-environment. The study substantiates the growing role of information and communication as a key strategic resource for management, forecasting, and coordinating flow processes at the micro-, meso-, and macroeconomic levels. The study identifies the essence of digital logistics, along with the tools of the platform-ecosystem approach (IoT, Big Data, AI, digital twins, data spaces), as the basis for ensuring stability, transparency, and macroeconomic resilience in logistics systems. The study proves the need to unify the information technology parameters of the national logistics infrastructure for full integration into international and European logistics data spaces. The modern paradigm of logistics support for the national economy is defined by large-scale digital transformation, which involves integrating the Internet of Things, Artificial Intelligence, Big Data, digital twins, and unified data space technologies. Applying these tools shifts the focus from managing the purely physical movement of material resources to creating a highly integrated information and communication environment. Such an environment ensures the transparency, adaptability, and resilience of business entities and the national economy amid macroeconomic uncertainty and global challenges. Future research should focus on developing applied mechanisms for regulatory, institutional, and technological unification of domestic information and logistics systems to integrate them into international and European logistics data spaces fully. Keywords: logistics system, national economy, ontology of logistics, macrologistics, supply chains, digital logistics, data spaces, resilience.