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#software testing Book Open access

CB-SEM and CFA Step by Step: Confirmatory factor analysis, model fit, structural models, mediation and moderation with free software

Oct 2026 · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Psychometric Methodologies and Testing

Abstract

CB-SEM and CFA Step by Step: Confirmatory factor analysis, model fit, structural models, mediation and moderation with free software Author: Bibin XavierPublisher / imprint: FreeStatisticalTools.comLanguage: EnglishPrice: Free (0)Edition: complete edition, and free starter edition (first 4 chapters)Recommended licence for open repositories (Zenodo, figshare, Internet Archive): CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 Short description Confirmatory factor analysis, model fit, structural models, mediation and moderation with free software. Learn confirmatory factor analysis and covariance-based SEM by doing it, with free browser-based software and a worked example from start to finish. A free, step-by-step guide with worked examples and APA reporting templates. Keywords CB-SEM, confirmatory factor analysis, CFA, structural equation modeling, model fit indices, latent variables, questionnaire validation BISAC categories- MAT029000 Mathematics / Probability & Statistics / General- PSY030000 Psychology / Research & Methodology- SOC024000 Social Science / Research Long descriptionLearn confirmatory factor analysis and covariance-based SEM by doing it, with free browser-based software and a worked example from start to finish. Who it is for: Students and researchers in psychology, education, management, health and the social sciences who need to validate a questionnaire or test a theoretical model with latent variables. In this book you will learn to:• choose between CB-SEM and PLS-SEM and check data assumptions• draw a measurement model and run a confirmatory factor analysis• interpret chi-square, CFI, TLI, RMSEA and SRMR, and use modification indices responsibly• establish composite reliability, convergent validity and discriminant validity• estimate a structural model and interpret standardized paths• test mediation with bootstrap confidence intervals and latent moderation with simple slopes• write up CFA and SEM results in APA style Every chapter is built around a worked example that you can reproduce in the free tools at FreeStatisticalTools.com, with interpretation guidance, recommended thresholds with references, and wording you can adapt for your thesis or paper. Contents: 1. CB-SEM or PLS-SEM?; 2. Preparing data and checking assumptions; 3. Drawing the model in CB-SEM Studio; 4. Confirmatory factor analysis; 5. Model fit indices and modification indices; 6. Reliability and validity; 7. The structural model; 8. Mediation with bootstrap confidence intervals; 9. Latent moderation and simple slopes; 10. Reporting CFA and SEM in APA style About the author: Bibin Xavier is the creator of FreeStatisticalTools.com, a collection of free, browser-based statistical tools used by students and researchers for survey analysis, structural equation modeling and bibliometrics. He writes practical, software-independent guides that take readers from data to a publishable results section. Connect on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/bibinxavier/

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