Effectiveness of bariatric interventions in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are among the most significant components of metabolic syndrome, exerting a critical impact on the morbidity, disability and mortality of the population. In recent years, bariatric interventions have come to be regarded not only as methods of weight loss, but also as effective means of achieving remission of T2DM. Various surgical techniques, such as sleeve gastrectomy, gastric bypass, and biliopancreatic diversion, have demonstrated high rates of glycated hemoglobin reduction, decreased need for hypoglycemic drugs, and stable diabetes remission. This article summarizes data from clinical studies, randomized controlled trials, and systematic reviews published in leading international databases in recent years, allowing for an evaluation of the efficacy and safety of bariatric surgery in patients with obesity and T2DM. Particular attention is paid to the factors influencing the treatment prognosis, as well as to current concepts regarding the mechanisms underlying the metabolic effects of surgical interventions.