A novel genetic programming algorithm is proposed that is Hybrid Crossover Genetic Programming featuring two distinct crossover operators to tackle the dynamic vehicle routing problem with drone and time window constraints and is highly effective, achieving fast convergence and consistently outperforming the existing methods.
The Two-Echelon Vehicle Routing Problem with Drones (2E VRP-D) model can initiate flights from the truck, complete several deliveries to different customer locations, and then rendezvous with the truck again. In addition to economic benefits, logistics providers must consider the environmental impacts of the order-fulf...
Santoso Santoso, Nurhadi Siswanto, B. Santosa et al.· Engineering, Technology &...· 0 citations
With the continued electrification and digitalization of urban logistics, electric freight routing increasingly requires the coordinated consideration of customer time windows, vehicle capacity, limited battery range, and en-route charging. This study formulates an electric vehicle routing problem with time windows (EV...
Li-Ping Gao, Zhao-Lei He, Cong Lin et al.· Energies· 0 citations
The rise in the usage of Electric Vehicles (EVs) in logistics has introduced several routing challenges, which mainly include constraints related to battery capacity, vehicle load capacity, and the availability of recharging infrastructure for delivering the goods by the electric vehicle. These factors can make the Ele...
Mahankali Prathyusha Lahari, Jeyakumar G· International Conference Com...· 0 citations
Truck–drone collaborative delivery combines the carrying capacity and operational reliability of a ground vehicle with the point-to-point mobility of an unmanned aerial vehicle. This paper studies an adjacent-sortie variant of the single-truck single-drone routing problem on Euclidean instances, where the objective is...
Si-Ping Huang, Zeng-Xin Chen, Peng-Bo Jiao et al.· 2026 12th International Conf...· 0 citations
This study investigates the dynamic-demand green vehicle routing problem with soft time windows (DDGVRPSTW). A two-stage optimization model is developed to minimize total distribution cost, including vehicle operating cost, fixed dispatch cost, fuel consumption cost, carbon emission cost, and time window penalty cost....
Ming He, Kai-Jun Zhou, Qian Wang et al.· Electronics· 0 citations
Truck–UAV collaborative delivery can improve last-mile logistics efficiency, but fixed-node rendezvous often causes waiting loss and service delay. To address this problem, this paper proposes a route optimization method integrating en route synchronization, pseudo-node insertion, and GAT-PPO. Pseudo-nodes are generate...
Shu-Kang Zheng, Gen-Hua Ma, Hanpei Yang et al.· Applied Sciences· 0 citations
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