Under this protocol, restricted visibility is not necessary for composition; under this protocol it substantially increases the probability of learning a generalizing relay and favors a reusable, value-indexed interface.
Multi-module neural systems often expose every module to the full input. We test whether a slot-selective evidence-masking regime -- restricting each module to its own evidence span -- changes which solutions gradient-based training discovers. Four-cell societies share one frozen pretrained language model and one low-r...
A preregistered confirmation with sixty four-cell systems sharing a frozen language-model backbone and communicating through learned continuous packets confirms a large advantage of the tested masking regime, while leaving its finer attribution and generality open.
This paper shows that Vision-Language Models (VLMs) can internally distinguish when abstention is required, but fail to express it anyway, and introduces Penalized Epistemic Calibration Score (PECS), a new robust metric that requires models to both answer correctly when the outcome is knowable, and abstain when the out...
Fnu Pramono, J. Cai, Sourabh Kulkarni· 5 citations· ⚡1
In shared-genome language-model societies, restricted evidence visibility favors reusable, value-indexed latent packet interfaces, whereas the sole high-performing globally visible model in the parent study learned an episode-entangled code. This companion study asks whether independently trained societies share one pa...
Many vision applications ask several independent, forced-choice questions about the same image. Visual Jev encodes the image and public context once, executes isolated question suffixes as a batch, and reads candidate probabilities from the backbone's language-model head. Across four benchmarks, answer-supervised post-...
irection patching is addressed with direction patching, a class-conditioned causal intervention applied across layers, token positions, and prompt formats to reframe the encoding-grounding gap as a problem of conditional transport in VLMs.
Ze-Yu Wang, Xin-Ming Xu· 1 citation
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