A Study on the Clinical Profile and Recurrence of Febrile Seizures in Pediatric Patients

Abstract

Background: Febrile seizures (FS) are ‘ the most common seizure disorder in children aged six months to five years, often causing considerable anxiety for caregivers. Understanding their clinical profile and recurrence patterns is essential for effective management. Aim: To evaluate the clinical characteristics, recurrence patterns, and associated risk factors of febrile seizures in pediatric patients. Methodology: A retrospective observational study was conducted on 80 children aged 6–60 months presenting with FS at the Department of Pediatrics, Sri Krishna Medical College and Hospital, Muzaffarpur, Bihar, over six months. Data on demographics, seizure type and duration, fever source, recurrence, and risk factors were analyzed. Simple and complex FS were classified per established guidelines, and recurrence within 24 hours was recorded. Results: The majority of patients were aged 13–24 months (31.2%) with male predominance (60%). Simple FS accounted for 75% of cases, and most seizures lasted 5–15 minutes. Recurrence within 24 hours occurred in 31.2% of children, predominantly within the first six hours. Male sex and a family history of FS were significant risk factors. Respiratory infections were the most common fever source, and seizures frequently occurred at night (35%). Conclusion: FS are predominantly simple, brief, and occur in early childhood, with early recurrences influenced by sex and family history. Recognition of risk factors and caregiver education are crucial for optimized management.