Aug 2026· Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research· pp. 280-285· 0 citations
TL;DR
Focal seizures are the predominant type of seizure among pediatric patients and are primarily managed with benzodiazepines such as clobazam and lorazepam, followed by levetiracetam.
Abstract
Objective: Epilepsy is a long-term nervous system disorder manifested by repeated seizures without an identifiable cause due to abnormal neuronal discharges within the brain. The present study aimed to evaluate the pattern, frequency, duration, comorbidities, and antiepileptic drug utilization among pediatric patients diagnosed with seizure disorders in a tertiary care hospital of South India.
Methods: The present study adopted a prospective observational design over 6 months in 100 pediatric patients diagnosed with seizure disorders, selected according to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Demographic data, seizure characteristics, and antiepileptic drug prescriptions were collected and analyzed.
Results: Among the 100 participants, females constituted 58% and males 42%, indicating a higher prevalence of seizures in females. Focal seizures were the predominant type, accounting for 54% of cases. Regarding frequency, 44% of children experienced two seizure episodes, and 62% exhibited mild seizures. The most frequently prescribed antiepileptic drugs were clobazam (n=63) and lorazepam (n=63), followed by levetiracetam (n=39).
Conclusion: The study highlights that focal seizures are the predominant type of seizure among pediatric patients and are primarily managed with benzodiazepines such as clobazam and lorazepam. Understanding seizure patterns and drug utilization can help optimize treatment strategies and improve clinical outcomes in pediatric epilepsy management.
Background: Febrile seizures (FS) are ‘
the most common seizure disorder in children aged six months to five
years, often causing considerable anxiety for caregivers. Understanding their clinical profile and recurrence
patterns is essential for effective management.
Aim: To evaluate the clinical characteristics, recurrence patterns, and associated risk factors of febrile seizures in
pediatric patients.
Methodology: A retrospective observational study was conducted on 80 children aged 6–60 months presenting
with FS at the Department of Pediatrics, Sri Krishna Medical College and Hospital, Muzaffarpur, Bihar, over six
months. Data on demographics, seizure type and duration, fever source, recurrence, and risk factors were analyzed.
Simple and complex FS were classified per established guidelines, and recurrence within 24 hours was recorded.
Results: The majority of patients were aged 13–24 months (31.2%) with male predominance (60%). Simple FS
accounted for 75% of cases, and most seizures lasted 5–15 minutes. Recurrence within 24 hours occurred in 31.2%
of children, predominantly within the first six hours. Male sex and a family history of FS were significant risk
factors. Respiratory infections were the most common fever source, and seizures frequently occurred at night
(35%).
Conclusion: FS are predominantly simple, brief, and occur in early childhood, with early recurrences influenced
by sex and family history. Recognition of risk factors and caregiver education are crucial for optimized
management.
Amrita Sinha, Kalyani Kumari, B. Shankar et al.· International Journal of Pha...· 0 citations
Abstract Objective Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent spontaneous seizures due to excessive brain electrical activity. Identifying factors associated with seizure recurrence may help improve patient's management. This study aims to identify factors associated with recurrent spontaneous seizures in epilepsy patients. Method This study was an analytical cross-sectional study with consecutive samples of epilepsy patients at Sanjiwani Gianyar Regional General Hospital. Data were collected through structured patient interviews and review medical records, capturing demographic characteristics, clinical history, and seizure-related variables. Samples were classified into two groups based on the presence or absence of seizure recurrence within the past year. Comparative analysis between groups was conducted using the Chi-square test. Results A total of 41 samples were obtained: 21 from the group without seizures and 20 from the group with seizures. Of several variables, those associated with recurrent spontaneous seizures were electroencephalography (EEG) results ( p = 0.012), history of status epilepticus ( p = 0.048), seizures during sleep ( p = 0.020), and recurrent seizures within the first 3 months after the first seizure ( p <0.001). Conclusion Recurrent spontaneous seizures in epilepsy patients are associated with EEG findings, history of status epilepticus, seizures during sleep, and recurrent seizures within the first 3 months after the first seizure. Within the limitations of this study, EEG abnormalities appear to be associated with seizure recurrence. These findings are still preliminary and should be interpreted with caution.
S. Harkitasari, K. Sumadewi, Ida Bagus et al.· International Journal of Epi...· 0 citations
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by recurrent unprovoked seizures caused by abnormal electrical activity in the brain. It is one of the most common neurological disorders in children and significantly affects cognitive, behavioral, and developmental outcomes. Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) remain the cornerstone of pediatric epilepsy management, requiring continuous evaluation of their efficacy, safety, and medication adherence. This prospective observational study evaluated the prescribing patterns, effectiveness, safety, and adherence to AED therapy among 100 pediatric epilepsy patients. Data were collected from hospital records, patient case files, and caregiver interviews, including demographic characteristics, seizure type, AED prescriptions, treatment duration, adverse drug reactions (ADRs), adherence, and clinical outcomes. The majority of patients were aged 1 month to 5 years (85%), with males accounting for 65% of cases. Generalized seizures were the most common presentation (92%), and levetiracetam (Levipil) was the most frequently prescribed AED (73%). High medication adherence was observed in 38% of patients, while 35% showed moderate and 27% low adherence. ADR assessment using the Uppsala causality scale classified 45% as probable, 42% as possible, and 13% as certain. According to the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) outcome classification, most patients were categorized as Class 2 (53.3%). The study concludes that AED therapy is generally effective and well tolerated, while improved medication adherence, early diagnosis, and appropriate drug selection are essential for optimizing clinical outcomes in pediatric epilepsy.
Chariitha Rangam, T. Shazia, Sumera Salma et al.· World Journal of Current Med...· 0 citations
Background
. Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures are episodes involving changes in motor activity, emotions, sensations, or actions that resemble epileptic seizures but are not accompanied by epileptiform changes on the electroencephalogram.
Objective
. To study the frequency and characteristics of psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) in paediatric neurosurgical patients with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE).
Design and methods
. This is a single-centre, retrospective, uncontrolled, open-label observational study-part of an assignment of the M0H of the RF No.126020916808-7. All patients in the paediatric neurosurgery department diagnosed with DRE were included over a one-year period. The clinical and sociodemographic characteristics of DRE in the paediatric neurosurgery department, as well as the frequency and characteristics of PNES among patients in the neurosurgery department, were studied.
Results
. In total, 58 children diagnosed with epilepsy were hospitalised in 2021. Group1 included 56 patients of both sexes, DRE without PNES; the mean age was 9.5±0.6 years. The gender ratio was boysto-girls = 1:1,2. The mean age at epilepsy onset was 4.3±0.62 years. Epilepsy onset before 3 years of age was observed in 27 children, of whom 24 had onset before 1 year. 11 children had onset between 3 and 7 years, 12 between 8 and 11 years, and 4 between 12 and 18 years. PNES were detected in 2 patients in Group2, with a boys-to-girls ratio = 1:1. A clinical example of PNES diagnosis in a 16-year-old girl with DRE is presented.
Conclusion
. Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures occurred in 3,5 % of children with epilepsy in a neurosurgical hospital. The gold standard for diagnosis is neurophysiological examination demonstrating absence of epileptiform activity during a seizure.
T. B. Bazarhandaeva, A. Kim, N. E. Ivanova et al.· Russian Journal for Personal...· 0 citations
This study investigated the clinical characteristics and risk factors for poor clinical outcomes among children presenting with a first seizure episode to the Emergency Department (ED). This study further assessed the association between convulsive status epilepticus (CSE) and central nervous system (CNS) infections. This was a single-center, cross-sectional study of children admitted to a tertiary pediatric hospital in southern Vietnam between June and October 2024. Propensity score matching (PSM) was applied to balance the baseline characteristics, and logistic regression models were used to identify the determinants of poor clinical outcomes. Of the 2728 ED admissions, 425 children with new-onset seizures met the inclusion criteria. CSE occurred in 52 patients (12.2%). Abnormal cerebrospinal fluid findings suggestive of CNS infections were identified in 49/131 (37.4%) patients who underwent lumbar puncture. Poor outcomes, defined as death or neurological sequelae at discharge, were observed in 11.8% of hospitalized children. Multivariable logistic regression with PSM adjustment demonstrated a significant association between CSE and CNS infections (adjusted odds ratio 30.9 [95% confidence interval 12.4–77.4]; P < .001). The determinants of poor outcomes included focal seizure onset, lower Glasgow Coma Scale scores at admission, delayed presentation from seizure onset to hospitalization, and confirmed CNS infections. These findings highlight the substantial burden of severe neurological complications in children presenting with first-time seizures and underscore the critical role of timely recognition of CSE and CNS infections. This study, based on data from resource-limited hospitals, strengthens diagnostic pathways and informs early management strategies for acute symptomatic seizures in resource-limited settings.
K. T. Huỳnh, V. Le, T. Nguyen· Medicine· 0 citations
OBJECTIVE
Subclinical seizures (SCSs) remain an understudied aspect of presurgical evaluation in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE), with uncertain prevalence, distribution among epilepsy types, and predictive value for surgical outcomes. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to explore the occurrence of SCSs, their concordance with the seizure-onset zone (SOZ), and their association with postoperative seizure outcomes.
METHODS
A systematic search of Medline, Embase, and Web of Science was performed to identify studies reporting SCSs during scalp electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring or intracranial EEG (iEEG) monitoring in patients with DRE undergoing epilepsy surgery. Data on SCS prevalence, concordance with SOZ, and postoperative outcomes were extracted. Pooled proportions and odds ratios (ORs) were estimated using random-effects generalized linear mixed models. Subgroup analyses evaluated the proportions of SCSs in temporal vs extratemporal epilepsy.
RESULTS
Thirteen studies comprising 1174 patients met the inclusion criteria. The pooled prevalence of SCSs was 32% (95% confidence interval [CI] 8-73) during scalp EEG monitoring and 50% (95% CI 38-62) during iEEG monitoring. Concordant SCSs with SOZ occurred in 37% of patients undergoing iEEG. Non-concordant SCSs were associated with a nearly fivefold higher odds of poor postoperative seizure control (OR 4.82, 95% CI 1.80-12.96; p = 0.002). SCSs were more frequent in temporal lobe epilepsy than in extratemporal epilepsy (57% vs 44%, p = 0.046). Within temporal lobe epilepsy, the highest prevalence was observed in the mesiotemporal region (69%). Overall, the presence of SCSs alone was not associated with a poor outcome, but the spatial non-concordance with the SOZ was highly predictive for poor seizure outcome.
SIGNIFICANCE
SCSs are common in presurgical evaluation, particularly in temporal lobe epilepsy. Although their presence alone is not prognostic, non-concordant SCSs are associated with worse postoperative outcomes. Systematic assessment, especially using iEEG, may improve delineation of the epileptogenic zone and surgical planning in DRE.
P. Bosque-Varela, Panagiota-Eleni Tsalouchidou, Petra Levicka et al.· Epilepsia· 0 citations