Epidemiological  surveillance Profile Of Cancer In Eastern Benghazi ,Libya  2021

Abstract

Cancer remains a major public health concern globally and is the second leading cause of death in Libya. Despite its growing burden, comprehensive data on cancer incidence in eastern Libya remains limited. This study aims to estimate the incidence and distribution of cancer types in the eastern region of Benghazi, Libya, and compare findings with regional and global data to support health planning, training, and research efforts. A retrospective observational surveillance study was conducted using data from oncology departments at Tobruk Medical Center and Al-Bayda Hospital. All cancer cases diagnosed and registered from January 1 to December 31, 2021, were included. A total of 398 confirmed cases were analyzed by sex, type, and frequency. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS v26 with chi-square tests applied for gender related differences. The overall incidence was 61.23 cases per 100,000 population. Females constituted 58.5% of cases, with breast cancer being the most prevalent (24.1%), followed by colon (9%), uterine (8.2%), and lung cancers (7.78%). Male patients were more affected by colon, lung, and prostate cancers. Hematological malignancies and rare cancers were also observed, with statistically significant gender-based differences (p < 0.001). Comparisons with data from Misurata and global estimates revealed similar trends for certain cancers but also notable local variations, particularly in colon and esophageal cancer rates. This study provides critical epidemiological insight into cancer incidence in eastern Libya. The findings highlight the need for sex-specific cancer strategies and reinforce the importance of establishing a comprehensive national cancer registry for improved disease surveillance and healthcare planning.