Impact of lifestyle, familial history and environmental factors on breast cancer development among 80 women in Calabar Nigeria

Risk Factors for Breast Cancer in Pakistani Women: A Review of Current Evidence

The most reported malignancy in women of Pakistan is breast cancer. About one in nine females suffers from this disease, that contributes largely to mortality. The burden of the disease here is much more than in any other country of South Asia, with such salient features as earlier age of onset and late-stage presentation. This paper aimed to synthesize evidence from recent studies conducted in Pakistan on risk factors for breast cancer. Lifestyle determinants such as obesity, physically inactive or sedentary behavior, and unhealthy dietary patterns prove to be common and strongly associated with high risk. Genetic predisposition, particularly BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations, plays a key role in increasing susceptibility among high-risk women. Additionally, reproductive factors such as early menarche, late menopause, nulliparity, and limited breastfeeding have been recognized as important contributors. In addition to urban pollution and dietary contaminants, environmental exposure also increases the risk; vitamin D deficiency could compound the disease further. Diagnosis gets late͏ and results get worse due to socioeconomic͏ and cultural barriers, low awareness, stigma, and low access to screening facilities. When compared with the regional population and even the global population, it can be seen that Pakistani women face some unique sociocultural challenges that make them more vulnerable. This review article demonstrates the immediate need for specific public health interventions, better genetic counseling infrastructure, and culturally appropriate mass awareness campaigns to lessen the breast cancer burden at a national level. Identifying key risk factors and leveraging artificial intelligence (AI)-driven technologies can improve prevention strategies and facilitate early detection.

Family History among Breast Cancer Patients Attending the National Cancer Centre in Benghazi - Cross-Sectional Study.

More than half of the patients (55%) reported a positive family history of breast cancer, suggesting that hereditary factors may play an important role in the occurrence of the disease among this population of women.

Reproductive Risk Factors and Their Association with Breast Cancer in Women of Central India

Background: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women worldwide and represents a major public health challenge in India. Reproductive factors influence cumulative estrogen exposure and may significantly affect breast cancer risk. Understanding these associations is important for identifying high-risk women and developing preventive strategies.Aim: To evaluate reproductive risk factors and their association with breast cancer among women attending a tertiary care center in Central India.Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted at Bundelkhand Medical College, Sagar, over 18 months. A total of 170 women were enrolled, including 85 histopathologically confirmed breast cancer cases and 85 age-matched controls without breast malignancy. Data regarding age at menarche, age at first childbirth, parity, breastfeeding duration, menopausal status, age at menopause, and family history were collected and analyzed.Results: Early menarche (<12 years), late age at first childbirth (>30 years), nulliparity, shorter duration of breastfeeding (<12 months), and late menopause (>50 years) were significantly associated with breast cancer (p<0.05). Women with a family history of breast cancer had a significantly higher risk of disease (OR=3.2, p=0.002). Multivariate analysis identified late age at first childbirth and short breastfeeding duration as independent predictors of breast cancer.Conclusion: Several reproductive factors are significantly associated with breast cancer risk among women in Central India. Promotion of breastfeeding and identification of women with adverse reproductive profiles may facilitate early screening and risk reduction strategies.

The influence of genetic factors on the development of breast cancer with emphasis on nursing care

Evidence shows that the interaction between genetic predisposition and environmental factors is a key determinant of breast carcinogenesis, underscoring the importance of understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms to improve prevention and care strategies.

Birth cohort differences in reproductive and lifestyle breast cancer risk factors among women in the Nigerian breast cancer study

Association of parity and age at menarche with molecular subtypes of invasive breast cancer

Early menarche and low parity were more frequently associated with aggressive non-Luminal A molecular subtypes, highlighting the importance of reproductive history in breast cancer risk assessment and individualized management.