Phytochemical Characterization of White Turmeric (Curcuma mangga Val.) Extract as a Candidate Natural Immunostimulant for Aquatic Organisms

Phytochemical Profiling, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activities of Stipagrostis plumosa (Poaceae): Potential Implications for Human and Veterinary Health

Simple Summary Stipagrostis plumosa is a desert grass adapted to harsh environmental conditions and is widely used as forage for camels, sheep, and goats. Although it has long been recognized in traditional practices, its phytochemical composition and biological properties have received limited scientific attention. In this study, the phytochemical profile of S. plumosa was investigated together with its antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic activities. Different solvent extracts were evaluated against pathogenic bacteria, fungi, and clinical veterinary isolates, while their antioxidant capacity and cytotoxic effects on human cancer cell lines were also assessed. Among the tested extracts, the ethyl acetate fraction exhibited the strongest antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, whereas the chloroform fraction showed the highest cytotoxic activity. These findings suggest that S. plumosa is a valuable source of naturally occurring bioactive compounds with potential applications in pharmaceutical, veterinary, and food-related fields. The study also highlights the importance of exploring underutilized desert plants as reservoirs of novel biologically active metabolites.

Phytochemical Analysis of Thottea duchartrei Leaf Extract Using High‐Resolution LC–MS/MS and Evaluation of its Antioxidant, Anti‐Inflammatory and Antibacterial Efficacy

The natural products have demonstrated the ability to modulate oxidative and inflammatory mechanisms, underscoring their significance as templates for safer and more economical drug development. Plant‐based natural products continue to represent a crucial source for the discovery of novel anticancer agents with potential relevance in therapeutic development. Traditional knowledge surrounding the medicinal use of Thottea duchartrei , a member of the Aristolochiaceae family, suggests its therapeutic potential, warranting a comprehensive evaluation of its bioactive constituents. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory and antibacterial properties of T. duchartrei methanol leaf extract. High‐resolution LC–MS/MS analysis elucidating the presence of several bioactive constituents, including quercitrin, quinic acid, chlorogenic acid, catechin, etc. The results indicated that the methanol extract of T. duchartrei exhibited in vitro DPPH scavenging (92.18 ± 4.01 µg/mL), ABTS scavenging (40.46 ± 1.68 µg/mL) and FRAP (11.11 ± 0.12 µg/mL) activities. The anti‐inflammatory activity of the T. duchartrei extract was also evident in RAW 264.7 macrophages challenged with lipopolysaccharide. Likewise, the antibacterial efficacy of the T. duchartrei leaf extract was also evident against various Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria. This study provides evidence supporting the ethnopharmacological relevance of T. duchartrei by demonstrating its rich bioactive profile and biological activities. Overall, the study suggests the potential of T. duchartrei as a promising natural source for the future development of safe, cost‐effective phytotherapeutics; however, further studies, including in vivo research, are needed to validate these findings.

Phytochemical Analysis and Safety Assessment of Watercress Nasturtium officinale: Antioxidant Capacity, Heavy Metal Profiling, and Toxicity Using Brine Shrimp Model

Watercress is a good source of bioactive components possessing potent antioxidant activity and it may be possible to develop functional feed additives in aquaculture and nutraceuticals, suggesting that it may be possible to develop functional feed additives in aquaculture and nutraceuticals.

Phytochemical Profiling and In Vitro Bioactivity Testing of the Ethanolic Extract of the Seed of Carica papaya Integrated with Silver Nanoparticles

The study highlights C. papaya EE's therapeutic promise, especially with AgNPs, but requires further mechanistic, in vivo and safety studies for clinical use.

Integrated Evaluation of the Multifunctional Bioactivity of Curcuma zedoaria (Christm.) Roscoe Essential Oil: Antimicrobial, Insecticidal, and Postharvest Effects on Fresh Ginger

Plant‐derived essential oils are increasingly investigated as sustainable alternatives for food preservation and crop protection; however, their multifunctional applicability under postharvest conditions remains insufficiently explored. This study evaluated the integrated antimicrobial, insecticidal, and postharvest preservation potential of Curcuma zedoaria (Christm.) Roscoe essential oil (CZEO) of Chinese origin. GC‐MS analysis identified 22 compounds, with curcumenol (26.7%), curzerene (18.5%), β‐elemene (13.1%), and curcumenone (12.3%) as the predominant constituents, confirming a sesquiterpenoid‐dominant profile. CZEO exhibited antimicrobial activity against all tested microorganisms, with the highest susceptibility observed for Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus . Vapor‐phase assays performed on ginger, beetroot, apple, and strawberry matrices demonstrated concentration‐dependent inhibition of microbial growth, with the strongest activity observed on the ginger matrix. In a 14‐day storage experiment at 4°C, the combined application of CZEO and vacuum packaging most effectively reduced coliform bacteria and total viable counts in fresh ginger. MALDI‐TOF MS analysis identified 269 isolates belonging to 26 species, with dominant representation of the genus Pseudomonas . Combined treatment with CZEO and vacuum packaging suppressed several Pseudomonas species associated with postharvest spoilage. CZEO also demonstrated concentration‐dependent insecticidal activity against Callosobruchus maculatus and Megabruchidius dorsalis . Overall, this study provides an integrated experimental evaluation of CZEO across antimicrobial, insecticidal, and postharvest systems, highlighting its potential as a natural multifunctional agent for sustainable food preservation and crop protection.

STUDY OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS AND PHYTOCHEMISTRY OF Halimeda macroloba FROM THE SUMBERKIMA COASTAL AREA, BALI AS A BASIS FOR DOMESTICATION OF HIGH ECONOMIC VALUE AQUACULTURE COMMODITIES